Table 1. Characteristics of the study population in 32 WHO European region countries, ESPAD 2019.

Characteristics	Weighted % or mean	95% CI
Ever use (%)
None	48.8	44.5 to 53.1
Exclusive e-cigarette	10.6	9.0 to 12.5
Exclusive cigarette	13.3	11.1 to 15.9
Dual use	27.3	23.7 to 31.3
Current use (%)
None	74.6	71.5 to 77.4
Exclusive e-cigarette	6.0	4.9 to 7.3
Exclusive cigarette	13.0	11.1 to 15.1
Dual use	6.4	5.4 to 7.7
Girls (%)	50.8	50.2 to 51.4
Parental college/high education in a family (%)	64.6	59.4 to 69.5
Perceived family’s financial well-being rating (from 0=very less to 6=very much better off)	3.6	3.5 to 3.7
Perceived difficulty of getting cigarettes rating (from 0=don’t know to 5=impossible), mean	1.6	1.56 to 1.7
World Bank country income group (%)
High-income economy	78.3	57.4 to 90.6
Middle-income economy	21.7	9.4 to 42.6

Notes: Unweighted number of observations=98 758; number of countries=32.

ESPADEuropean School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs