Table 2. Description of selected tobacco control policies in 32 WHO European region countries with ESPAD 2019 data.
| E-cigarette regulations | MPOWER | |||||||
| Protection from exposure | Advertising bans | Taxation | Flavour regulation | Score | 2014 | 2018 | Increase | |
| Austria | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 22 | 30 | Yes |
| Bulgaria | None | Partial | No | No | 1 | 28 | 30 | Yes |
| Croatia | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 24 | 29 | Yes |
| Cyprus | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 24 | 29 | Yes |
| Czechia | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 26 | 30 | Yes |
| Denmark | Partial | Partial | No | Yes | 3 | 24 | 28 | Yes |
| Estonia | Partial | Partial | Yes | Yes | 4 | 23 | 30 | Yes |
| Finland | Partial | Full | Yes | Yes | 5 | 26 | 28 | Yes |
| France | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 26 | 29 | Yes |
| Georgia | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 20 | 31 | Yes |
| Greece | Full | Partial | Yes | No | 4 | 25 | 30 | Yes |
| Hungary | Partial | Partial | Yes | Yes | 4 | 28 | 28 | No |
| Iceland | Partial | Full | No | No | 3 | 24 | 24 | No |
| Ireland | None | Partial | No | No | 1 | 31 | 33 | Yes |
| Italy | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 24 | 29 | Yes |
| Latvia | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 26 | 29 | Yes |
| Lithuania | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 24 | 27 | Yes |
| Malta | Full | Partial | No | No | 3 | 27 | 29 | Yes |
| Monaco | None | None | No | No | 0 | 12 | 10 | No |
| Montenegro | None | None | Yes | No | 1 | 25 | 25 | No |
| Netherlands | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 25 | 28 | Yes |
| North Macedonia | None | None | Yes | No | 1 | 26 | 27 | Yes |
| Norway | Full | Partial | No | No | 3 | 30 | 30 | No |
| Poland | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 24 | 28 | Yes |
| Portugal | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 26 | 29 | Yes |
| Romania | Partial | Partial | Yes | No | 3 | 25 | 29 | Yes |
| Serbia | None | Partial | Yes | No | 2 | 24 | 24 | No |
| Slovakia | None | Partial | No | No | 1 | 24 | 28 | Yes |
| Slovenia | Partial | Full | Yes | No | 4 | 22 | 28 | Yes |
| Spain | Partial | Partial | No | No | 2 | 29 | 31 | Yes |
| Sweden | None | Partial | Yes | No | 2 | 22 | 26 | Yes |
| Ukraine | Partial | None | No | No | 1 | 29 | 29 | No |
Notes: Data for e-cigarette regulations were derived from the WHO rReport on the gGlobal tTobacco eEpidemic 2021,1 validated with the WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office), and data for MPOWER from the WHO Global Health Observatory.26 The development of the e-cigarette regulation score and the MPOWER positive change score has been described in the Methods section. The MPOWER 2014–2018 positive change score is calculated from the following indicators: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies, protecting from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit tobacco use, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, and raising taxes on tobacco.
ESPADEuropean School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs