Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population

	73 ± 1 age group	83 ± 1 age group	P
	n = 419	n = 348
Female	209 [50.1]	169 [51.4]	0.716
Height (cm)	157.7 [150.8–164.7]	154.0 [154–160.4]	<0.01**
Weight (kg)	57.3 [49.4–64.8]	53.4 [45.6–60.3]	<0.01**
BMI (kg/m2)	23.0 [20.7–24.9]	22.4 [20.2–24.4]	0.002**
Smoker (Number of People)
Current smoker	60 [14.3]	12 [2.9]	<0.01**
Past smoker	110 [26.3]	135 [32.2]
No smoker	249 [59.4]	201 [48.0]
Currently drinking (per)	172 [41.1]	121 [28.9]	0.110
Medical history (per)
Hypertension	282 [67.3]	268 [64.0]	0.029*
Dyslipidemia	177 [42.2]	181 [43.2]	0.036*
CHD	81 [19.3]	78 [18.6]	0.123
DM	55 [13.1]	87 [20.8]	<0.01**
Stroke	33 [7.9]	20 [4.8]	0.351
MoCA‐J (point)	24.0 [22–26]	21.4 [22–26]	<0.01**
GRIP (kg)	25.2 [18.9–31.1]	24.0 [19–31]	<0.01**
Respiratory function
%VC (%)	142.5 [124.0–157.0]	138.8 [155.2–155.2]	0.066
%FVC (%)	132.3 [115.0–148.0]	128.2 [108.5–150.4]	0.097
%FEV1 (%)	132.0 [114.0–152.0]	134.0 [111.3–160.7]	0.169
FEV1/FVC (%)	79.2 [74.1–85.5]	79.9 [75.1–87.3]	0.117
%PEF (%)	107.1 [131.0–131.0]	98.7 [67.7–128.3]	0.003**
Air flow limitation (per)
Normal	359 [85.7]	298 [71.1]	0.475
Stage I	49 [11.7]	37 [8.8]
Stage II	10 [2.4]	8 [1.9]
Stage III	1 [0.2]	4 [1.0]
Stage IV	0 [0.0]	1 [0.2]
Ventilatory impairment (per)
Normal	358 [85.4]	290 [69.2]	0.29
Obstructive: FEV1/FVC ≦ 70%	58 [13.8]	49 [11.7]
Restrictive: %VC ≦ 80%	2 [0.5]	5 [1.2]
Mixed: FEV1/FVC ≦ 70%and %VC ≦ 80%	1 [0.2]	4 [1.0]

Continuous variable, Mann Whitney‐test, median [IQR].

Categorical variable, χ² test, number [%].

Critical P‐value, P < 0.05* P < 0.01**.

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.