Figure 7.

Targeted and off-targeted cytotoxicity of nonfunctionalized and BsAb-functionalized Doxil nanoparticles to CLL and healthy immune cells in blood of CLL patients. (a) Flow cytometry histograms represent the cell death of CLL cells, T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and NK cells after treating with Doxil nanoparticles in the blood of a CLL patient (Patient 2). (b) Cytotoxicity and (c) cell association of nonfunctionalized and BsAb-functionalized Doxil nanoparticles in the whole blood of four CLL patients. The nonfunctionalized and BsAb-functionalized Doxil nanoparticles were incubated with the whole blood of CLL patients for 24 h at 37 °C, after which the cells were phenotyped with antibody cocktails and dead cells were labeled with SYTOX AADvanced dead cell stain. Data in (b,c) are shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (using fresh blood from each donor), with at least 400,000 leukocytes analyzed for each experimental condition studied.