Table 5.
Comparative analysis of the dietary components from the 2019 and 2022 menus for male young offenders aged 15–18 years old
| 2019 Menu | 2022 Menu | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary component | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean diff. | 95% CI | Sig. |
| Energy (kcal) | 2903 * | 240 | 2705 * | 97 | –198 | –239, –104 | <0.05 d |
| Macronutrients | |||||||
| Carbohydrates (g) | 405 * | 37 | 390 * | 19 | –15 | –24, 0.8 | 0.06 d |
| Free sugars (g) | 61 * | 14 | 63 * | 8 | 2 | –2, 10 | 0.12 d |
| Fat (g) | 102 | 11 | 88 | 7 | –14 | –19, –9 | <0.01 a,b |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 33 | 4 | 27 | 3 | –6 | –8, –4 | <0.01 a,b |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 12.1 * | 1.6 | 11.9 * | 1.8 | –0.2 | –1, 0.9 | 0.96 d |
| Saturated fat (g) | 38 | 5.7 | 33.4 | 3.3 | 4.6 | –7, –2 | <0.01 a,c |
| Fibre (g) | 34 | 3 | 39 | 4 | 5 | 2, 6 | <0.01 a,b |
| Protein (g) | 83.1 * | 6.4 | 83.9 * | 5.4 | 0.8 | –0.5, 5.6 | 0.12 d |
| Salt (g) | 9.8 * | 1.5 | 7.5 * | 1.1 | –2.3 | –3, –1 | <0.01 d |
| Vitamins | |||||||
| Folates (μg) | 321 | 28 | 390 | 25 | 69 | 55, 83 | <0.01 a,b |
| Niacin (mg) | 39.8 * | 3 | 39.2 * | 1.9 | –0.6 | –1.7, 0.8 | 0.51 d |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.02, 0.3 | <0.05 a,c |
| Thiamine (mg) | 2.4 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.4 | –0.4 | 0.2, 0.6 | <0.01 a,b |
| Vitamin A (μg) | 936.5 * | 355.2 | 980.8 * | 216.7 | 44.3 | –124, 101 | 0.90 d |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 3.7 * | 0.9 | 4.9 * | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7, 1.7 | <0.01 d |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2.3 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5, 0.7 | <0.01 a,b |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 103 * | 18 | 129 * | 21 | 26 | 13, 36 | <0.01 d |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 2 * | 1 | 8 * | 1 | 6 | 6, 7 | <0.01 d |
| Minerals | |||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 1252 * | 202 | 1134 * | 103 | –118 | –186, –34 | <0.05 d |
| Chloride (mg) | 6203 * | 1080 | 4960 * | 793 | –1243 | –1604, –443 | <0.01 d |
| Copper (mg) | 1.5 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.6, 0.8 | <0.01 a,b |
| Iodine (μg) | 147 * | 33 | 132 * | 17 | –15 | –41, –10 | <0.01 d |
| Iron (mg) | 18 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 3 | 2, 4 | <0.01 a,b |
| Magnesium (mg) | 327 | 30 | 371 | 25 | 45 | 30, 60 | <0.01 a,b |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1467.4 * | 161 | 1489.5 * | 83.5 | 22.1 | –35, 99 | 0.39 d |
| Potassium (mg) | 3934.3 | 270.4 | 4259.5 | 338.4 | 325 | 161, 489 | <0.01 a,b |
| Selenium (μg) | 46.1 | 6.1 | 47.1 | 6.4 | –1 | –2, 4 | 0.56 a,c |
| Sodium (mg) | 3937.1 * | 597.4 | 2986.2 * | 52.1 | –950.9 | –1107, –544 | <0.01 d |
| Zinc (mg) | 9.3 * | 0.8 | 15.3 * | 0.6 | 6 | 5.6, 6.4 | <0.01 a,b |
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence intervals; kcal, calories; g, grams; μg, micrograms; mg, milligrams.
a
Independent Samples T Test.
b
Equal variances assumed.
c
Equal variances not assumed.
d
Independent-Samples Mann–Whitney U Test.
*
Median value.