Table 2.

TEER measurement in IPEC-J2 cells at 10 min, 30 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h of the hyperosmolar treatment (500 mOsm/L) obtained with mannitol (Mann) without/with betaine (BET) compared to the control medium (C). Each value represents the mean ± SD of six wells of three independent experiments. # hashtags indicate a statistical difference between each treatment and the control condition (C) at the same time point (p < 0.05); * asterisks indicate a statistical difference between each time point and before treatment upon the same treatment (p < 0.05).

TEER (%)	10 min	30 min	3 h	6 h	24 h
C	100.00 ± 14.90	99.39 ± 20.31	99.29 ± 19.67	99.24 ± 11.74	86.71 ± 20.23
C + BET	115.22 ± 11.50	112.40 ± 21.64	114.55 ± 16.27	110.15 ± 21.43	115.27 ± 21.49 #
Mann	112.04 ± 8.03	108.31 ± 9.01	102.15 ± 11.06	92.02 ± 9.03 *	57.81 ± 18.13 *#
Mann + BET	123.85 ± 12.36 #	119.84 ± 10.9 #	118.84 ± 17.23 #	117.99 ± 21.49 #	90.38 ± 11.58 *