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. 2023 Oct 26;1(9):796–816. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00091

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© 2023 The Authors. Co-published by Nanjing University and American Chemical Society

Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Excitation lifetime modulation by ligands. (a) The mechanism of MLCT. The exceptionally long radiative lifetimes in metal complexes arise from intricate and extended processes of excited-state energy-level transitions: complexes: internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing (ISC), Franck–Condon (FC), metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), nonradiative deactivation (NRD), pseudo-Jahn–Teller distortion (PJT distortion), reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), absorption (abs), fluorescence (FL), flattened geometry (flat), phosphorescence (PH). (b) Structures of Cu complexes.