Figure 4.

Effects of delivered PEP-1–PIN1 against H₂O₂-induced ROS production and DNA damage. HT-22 cells were treated with PEP-1–PIN1 (5 μM) for 3 h before treatment with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 1 h or 6 h. Intracellular ROS levels (A) and DNA damage (B) were determined by DCF-DA and TUNEL staining. Fluorescence intensity was quantified using an ELISA plate reader. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). ** p < 0.01 compared with H₂O₂-treated cells.