Table 1.
Associations of the studied variables with dimensions of mental health literacy
| Variables | Total sample | Mental health literacy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n; (%) | MHL-HS | MHL-ST | MHL-KMH | MHL-KMI | |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 867; 58.4% | 16.93 ± 3.90 | 10.94 ± 2.40 a | 3.61 ± 1.60 a | 3.09 ± 1.30 c |
| Female | 618; 41.6% | 16.24 ± 3.90 | 10.63 ± 2.50 | 3.38 ± 1.70 | 2.75 ± 1.40 |
| Permanent residence | |||||
| Rural | 922; 62.1% | 16.73 ± 3.90 | 10.84 ± 2.50 | 3.55 ± 1.60 | 3.03 ± 1.30 c |
| Urban | 555; 37.4 | 16.53 ± 3.90 | 10.77 ± 2.40 | 3.45 ± 1.63 | 2.81 ± 1.40 |
| Religion | |||||
| Muslim | 1,111; 74.8% | 16.50 ± 3.90 | 10.74 ± 2.43 a | 3.52 ± 1.61 | 2.96 ± 1.30 a |
| Others | 366; 24.6% | 17.16 ± 3.90 | 11.01 ± 2.32 | 3.51 ± 1.61 | 2.93 ± 1.40 |
| Family type | |||||
| Nuclear | 1,083; 72.9% | 16.68 ± 3.91 | 10.83 ± 2.41 | 3.54 ± 1.63 | 2.97 ± 1.30 |
| Joint | 363; 24.4% | 16.63 ± 3.70 | 10.88 ± 2.27 | 3.48 ± 1.53 | 2.96 ± 1.33 |
| Monthly family income (BDT) | |||||
| <15,001 | 194; 13.1% | 16.80 ± 4.32 c | 11.15 ± 2.61 b | 3.55 ± 1.70 c | 3.03 ± 1.40 c |
| 15,001–30,000 | 381; 25.7% | 17.45 ± 3.81 | 11.14 ± 2.32 | 3.85 ± 1.51 | 3.23 ± 1.14 |
| >30,000 | 789; 53.1% | 16.40 ± 3.70 | 10.66 ± 2.30 | 3.39 ± 1.61 | 2.85 ± 1.32 |
| Admission-related variables | |||||
| Appearance in the admission test | |||||
| Fresher test-takers | 799; 53.8% | 16.77 ± 3.80 | 10.88 ± 2.34 a | 3.57 ± 1.60 | 2.94 ± 1.30 b |
| Repeat test-takers | 686; 46.2% | 16.49 ± 3.40 | 10.73 ± 2.48 | 3.45 ± 1.62 | 2.95 ± 1.37 |
| Secondary School Certificate (SSC) grade point average | |||||
| Poor (<4.51) | 250; 16.8% | 16.07 ± 3.31 b | 10.57 ± 2.10 | 2.99 ± 1.70 c | 2.52 ± 1.40 c |
| Moderate (4.51–4.99) | 236; 15.9% | 17.18 ± 3.90 | 11.04 ± 2.50 | 3.76 ± 1.50 | 3.13 ± 1.30 |
| High (5) | 971; 65.4% | 16.68 ± 3.95 | 10.83 ± 2.42 | 3.60 ± 1.60 | 3.02 ± 1.30 |
| Higher secondary certificate (HSC) grade point average | |||||
| Poor (<4.51) | 236; 15.9% | 15.85 ± 3.75 c | 10.37 ± 2.30 c | 3.06 ± 1.70 c | 2.60 ± 1.42 c |
| Moderate (4.51–4.99) | 315; 21.2% | 17.50 ± 3.33 | 11.23 ± 2.08 | 3.57 ± 1.60 | 3.01 ± 1.20 |
| High (5) | 907; 61.1% | 16.56 ± 4.00 | 10.80 ± 2.48 | 3.63 ± 1.60 | 3.03 ± 1.30 |
| Coached by professional coaching centers | |||||
| Yes | 1,070; 72.1% | 16.72 ± 3.90 | 10.77 ± 2.42 | 3.55 ± 1.60 | 2.94 ± 1.30 |
| No | 399; 26.9% | 16.35 ± 3.90 | 10.87 ± 2.33 | 3.42 ± 1.64 | 3.00 ± 1.34 |
| Desired institute/department for admission | |||||
| Varsity | 1,056; 71.1% | 16.81 ± 3.90 | 10.81 ± 2.44 | 3.53 ± 1.60 a | 3.00 ± 1.30 c |
| Medical | 261; 17.6% | 16.35 ± 3.70 | 10.82 ± 2.30 | 3.36 ± 1.73 | 2.74 ± 1.50 |
| Engineering | 118; 7.9% | 16.19 ± 4.42 | 10.90 ± 2.50 | 3.78 ± 1.50 | 3.13 ± 1.20 |
| Agriculture | 43; 2.9% | 16.16 ± 2.72 | 10.70 ± 1.80 | 3.05 ± 1.63 | 2.40 ± 1.60 |
| Satisfied with previous mock tests | |||||
| No | 756; 50.9% | 16.61 ± 3.70 b | 10.88 ± 2.30 c | 3.52 ± 1.52 c | 3.00 ± 1.30 c |
| Yes | 585; 39.4% | 16.60 ± 4.02 | 10.55 ± 2.52 | 3.40 ± 1.71 | 2.80 ± 1.40 |
| Average monthly expenditure (BDT) | |||||
| >5,000 | 568; 38.2% | 16.86 ± 3.80 c | 10.84 ± 2.35 a | 3.50 ± 1.61 a | 2.93 ± 1.32 c |
| 5,001–10,000 | 550; 37.0% | 17.09 ± 3.90 | 11.10 ± 2.34 | 3.75 ± 1.53 | 3.16 ± 1.17 |
| > 10,000 | 222; 14.9% | 15.67 ± 3.70 | 10.40 ± 2.46 | 3.35 ± 1.61 | 2.71 ± 1.42 |
| Educational background | |||||
| Science | 955; 64.3% | 16.35 ± 4.05 c | 10.64 ± 2.56 c | 3.50 ± 1.62 c | 2.94 ± 1.33 a |
| Arts | 309; 20.8% | 17.23 ± 3.80 | 11.25 ± 2.21 | 3.76 ± 1.50 | 3.13 ± 1.20 |
| Commerce | 217; 14.6% | 17.14 ± 3.16 | 10.93 ± 1.85 | 3.17 ± 1.70 | 2.71 ± 1.35 |
| Health and behavioral variables | |||||
| Cigarette smoking status | |||||
| No | 1,176; 79.2% | 16.89 ± 3.81 | 10.95 ± 2.33 a | 3.58 ± 1.60 | 3.01 ± 1.30 a |
| Yes | 309; 20.8% | 15.70 ± 4.08 | 10.28 ± 2.62 | 3.26 ± 1.70 | 2.70 ± 1.40 |
| Drug usage status | |||||
| No | 1,335; 89.9% | 16.80 ± 3.90 a | 10.92 ± 2.40 | 3.62 ± 1.60 | 3.04 ± 1.30 c |
| Yes | 150; 10.1% | 15.27 ± 3.54 | 9.80 ± 2.50 | 2.60 ± 1.70 | 2.06 ± 1.45 |
| Alcohol usage status | |||||
| No | 1,338; 90.1% | 16.84 ± 3.90 | 10.93 ± 2.40 | 3.61 ± 1.60 b | 3.03 ± 1.30 c |
| Yes | 147; 9.9% | 14.82 ± 3.80 | 9.68 ± 2.53 | 2.66 ± 1.72 | 2.22 ± 1.50 |
| History of mental health problem | |||||
| No | 1,171; 78.9% | 16.96 ± 3.81 | 10.90 ± 2.40 a | 3.56 ± 1.60 | 2.98 ± 1.30 a |
| Yes | 314; 21.1% | 15.42 ± 4.00 | 10.54 ± 2.54 | 3.37 ± 1.63 | 2.81 ± 1.40 |
| History of physical health problem | |||||
| No | 1,167; 78.6% | 16.91 ± 3.80 a | 10.84 ± 2.32 c | 3.53 ± 1.61 | 2.98 ± 1.31 |
| Yes | 314; 21.0% | 15.64 ± 4.14 | 10.68 ± 2.70 | 3.44 ± 1.62 | 2.82 ± 1.34 |
| History of mental health problem in family | |||||
| No | 1,300; 87.5% | 16.84 ± 3.90 a | 10.95 ± 2.40 | 3.61 ± 1.60 a | 3.03 ± 1.30 c |
| Yes | 175; 11.8% | 15.20 ± 3.57 | 9.90 ± 2.50 | 2.82 ± 1.70 | 2.30 ± 1.50 |
| History of suicide attempt in family | |||||
| No | 1,304; 87.8% | 16.90 ± 3.85 | 10.96 ± 2.40 | 3.60 ± 1.60 | 3.03 ± 1.30 b |
| Yes | 179; 12.1% | 14.88 ± 3.85 | 9.70 ± 2.43 | 2.90 ± 1.60 | 2.33 ± 1.40 |
| History of suicide completion in family | |||||
| No | 1,326; 89.3% | 16.91 ± 3.82 | 10.96 ± 2.35 | 3.63 ± 1.60 | 3.05 ± 1.25 c |
| Yes | 153; 10.3% | 14.50 ± 3.63 | 9.62 ± 2.35 | 2.50 ± 1.62 | 2.03 ± 1.50 |
| Depression status | |||||
| No | 715; 48.1% | 16.92 ± 4.30 c | 10.85 ± 2.64 b | 3.89 ± 1.45 c | 3.16 ± 1.20 c |
| Yes | 770; 51.9% | 16.38 ± 3.50 | 10.77 ± 2.20 | 3.16 ± 1.70 | 2.75 ± 1.40 |
| Anxiety status | |||||
| No | 992; 66.8% | 16.76 ± 4.13 c | 10.81 ± 2.53 b | 3.69 ± 1.54 c | 3.05 ± 1.25 c |
| Yes | 493; 33.2% | 16.40 ± 3.40 | 10.81 ± 2.15 | 3.16 ± 1.70 | 2.73 ± 1.43 |
a
<0.05.
b
<0.01.
c
<0.001.