Figure 6.

Effects of ATRA on 3D spheroid sizes of 3D ARPE19 spheroids not treated or treated with TGF-β2 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. In the absence or presence of ATRA (100 nM), 3D ARPE19 spheroids not treated or treated with TGF-β2 (5 ng/mL) were prepared under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. The mean sizes of 3D ARPE19 spheroids were measured and plotted. All experiments were performed in triplicate using fresh preparations consisting of 16 spheroids each. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.