Figure 7.

Schematic overview of the study. Aged microbiome induces metabolic impairments and vascular dysfunction in young mice. Aged microbiome causes telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in intestines and vasculature of young mice. Metformin and moderate exercise potentially retard hallmarks of intestinal aging through AMPK activation. The study highlights the network among multiple aging hallmarks, including dysbiosis, deregulated nutrient sensing, chronic inflammation and telomere attrition, in terms of gut-vascular connection.