Table 3.
Detection, classification, and prognostic and predictive value of TLSs.
| Tumor Type | Detection of TLSs | Presence and Prognosis | Quantity, Density, and Prognosis |
Location and Prognosis |
Differentiation and Prognosis | Composition and Prognosis |
Predictive Value | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melanoma | HE; IHC; mIF; scRNA-seq |
Favorable | NM | Favorable (intra- tumoral) |
No impact | NM | Gene signature associated with efficacy of ICB |
[29] |
| Metastatic melanoma | HE; mIF |
Favorable | NM | NM | No impact | Favorable (low fractions of CD21+ B cells) |
NM | [46] |
| Lung squamous-cell carcinoma | HE; IHC; IF |
NM | Favorable | Favorable | Favorable | NM | NM | [47] |
| HER2-positive breast cancer | HE; IHC |
Favorable | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | [39] |
| Endometrial cancer | HE; IHC |
Favorable | No impact | No impact | Favorable | Favorable (number of CD20+ B cell) |
NM | [41] |
| Clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma | HE; IHC |
NM | NM | NM | NM | Poor (abundance of CXCL13+ CD8+ T cells) |
NM | [36] |
| Kidney clear-cell carcinoma | HE; IHC |
Poor | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | [48] |
| Bladder cancer | HE; IHC |
Favorable | NM | NM | NM | NM | NM | [48] |
| Stage II and III colorectal cancer | HE; mIF |
NM | Favorable | NM | Favorable | NM | NM | [49] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | HE | NM | NM | Favorable (intra- tumoral) |
Favorable | NM | NM | [50] |
| Pancreatic cancer | HE; IHC; IF |
Favorable | NM | NM | Favorable | NM | NM | [40] |
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumors | HE; mIHC |
Favorable | Favorable | No impact | NM | NM | NM | [43] |
| Glioblastoma | HE; mIF |
NM | NM | NM | NM | Favorable (intratumoral densities of proliferating CD8+ T cells and higher CD8/CD4 ratios) |
NM | [51] |
| Non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | HE; IHC; mIF |
Favorable | No impact | NM | NM | NM | NM | [44] |
| Epithelioid pleural mesothelioma | HE; IHC |
Favorable | NM | NM | NM | Favorable (number of B cells) |
NM | [52] |
| Epithelioid malignant peritoneal mesothelioma | HE | No impact | NM | NM | NM | NM | Associated with NC | [45] |
HE, hematoxylin and eosin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; mIHC, multiplex immunohistochemistry; IF, immunofluorescence; mIF, multiplex immunofluorescence; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; CXC-chemokine ligand 13, CXCL13; ICB, immune checkpoint blockade; NC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NM, not mentioned; Ref., Reference.