Table 1.

Tools for assessing eating behavior in the presence of caries disease among adult patients.

Name of Tool	Type of Tool	Food Parameters Measured
CAMBRA [16]	Hetero-questionnaire	Frequency of snacking (>three times daily)
Caries Care International [17]	Hetero-questionnaire	Frequency of free sugars; Amount of free sugars.
Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) [18]	Hetero-questionnaire	Frequency of sugars (primarily at mealtimes/frequent or prolonged between mealtimes/exposures day); Existence of eating disorders.
Cariogram [19]	Algorithm Hetero-questionnaire	Diet content (estimation of the cariogenicity of the food, in particular sugar content (diet history)); Frequency of snacking (questionnaire results, 24-h recall or dietary recall: 3 days).
Diet Assessment of Caries Risk [20]	Hetero-questionnaire	Frequency of snacking (<6/day or >6/day) and length of exposure (<15 min or 15–30 min or >30 min); Diet content (meal/snack structure); Amount of sugars (<12 ounces/day or 12–20 ounces/day or >20 ounces/day); Timing of sugars intake (with meals or with snacks or between meals/snacks); Drinking style (straw/open container/swishing within mouth).
International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) [21]	Hetero-questionnaire	Frequency of sugar; Amount of sugar.
NNS FFQ (Non-Nutritive Sweetener Food Frequency Questionnaire) [22]	Self-questionnaire	Frequency (1x/week; 1x/week, 2–3x/week, 4–6x/week, 1x/day, 2x/day, 3x/day); Amount of sugars (<half a portion, one portion, one and a half portions, two portions, three or more portions).
Nutrition Questionnaire for Dental Caries Risk Factors [23]	Self-questionnaire	Thirteen questions and the patient should check all that apply: - Each day, when do you usually have drinks, including smoothies? - Each day, when do you usually have food? - When do you usually eat sugar or sweet foods such as cereals, cookies, cakes, baked goods, chocolate bars, fruit in syrup, or other sugary foods? - How often do you usually drink each of the following sugary drinks? - Do you add sugar to food or drinks including: white or brown sugar, honey, agave, other natural or processed syrup, and other natural sugars such as cane, coconut, or palm sugar? - Do you chew sugary gum? - How many servings of vegetables and fruits do you eat each day? - Is one serving of fruit one whole piece of fruit or half a cup of chopped or frozen fruit? - How often do you usually drink the following types of milk? - If you drink soy milk or other milk, has it been fortified with vitamins and minerals? - When do you usually have milk? - How often do you usually eat cheese or yogurt? - When do you usually have cheese or yogurt?
24 H recall [24]	Food diary	Patients’ dietary information over the last 24 h.