Table 4.

Neuroprotective functions of NMPs in different HD models.

Model	NMPs	Effect	Reference
STHdh(7/7) cells	CBD	ATP production, BDNF-2, and PGC1α CB1 mRNA levels ↑	[164]
Rats	CBD	mRNA SP, mRNA NSE, and mRNA SOD-2 ↑	[60]
Rats	CBD	3NP-induced GABA, Nissl-stained neurons, CB1 and IGF-1 expression, and SOD-1 expression ↓ Calpain expression ↑	[170]
RBL-2H3 cells	CBG	Human TRPV1, and rat TRPV2 ↓	[89]
HT29 cells	CBG	COX-2 enzyme, and prostaglandins ↓	[171]
Mice	CBG	Reactive microgliosis, expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, Cd44, and Sgk1 ↓ PPARγ, catalase, and SOD and GSH ↑	[172]
NSC-34	CBG	HAP1, SLC32A1, ADCY5, AKT, ATF4, DLGAP1,DRD4, GNB4, PRKCA ↑ ADCY9, CAMK2B, CLOCK, CREB1, DRD2, GNAL, PLD1, PPP3R1, PRKCB, SHANK1, SLC1A2, SLC18A1, and SLC38A1 ↓	[173]

CBD, Cannabidiol; CBG, Cannabigerol; SOD-1, Superoxide dismutase-1; SOD-2, Superoxide dismutase-2; SP, Substance P; NSE, Neuron-specific enolase; TRPV1, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; TRPV2, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase enzyme 2; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6, Interleukin-6; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; cd44, Non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein gene; SGK1 Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 gene; GSH, Glutathione; SLC32A1, Solute carrier family 32 member 1 gene; ADCY5, Adenylate cyclase 5 gene, AKT, Serine/threonine kinase 1 gene; ATF4, Activating transcription factor4 gene; DLGAP1, DLG-associated protein 1 gene; DRD4, Dopamine receptor D4 gene; G protein, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein gene; GNAI2, Alpha inhibiting 2 gene; GNB4, Beta 4 gene; HAP1, Huntingtin-associated protein 1 gene; PRKCA, Protein kinase C, alpha gene; ADCY9, Adenylate cyclase 9 gene; CAMK2B, Calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta; CLOCK, Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CREB1, AMP responsive element-binding protein 1; DRD2, Dopamine receptor D2; GNAL, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating, olfactory type; PLD1, Phospholipase; D1PPP3R1, Protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform; PRKCB, Protein kinase C, beta; SHANK1, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1; SLC1A2, Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2; SLC18A1, solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 1; SLC38A1, solute carrier family 38, member 1; STHdh(7/7) cells, Cell line derived from the striatum of a mouse; RBL-2H3 cells, Basophilic leukemia cell line; HT29, Colon Cancer Line; NSC-34, Motor neuron-like cells; ↓, reduced; ↑, enhanced.