Table 6.
Neuroprotective functions of NMPs in different AUD models.
| Model | NMPs | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | CBD | Anxiolytic effect ↑ | [216] |
| Rats | CBD | Social interaction ↑ | [217] |
| Rats | CBD | Neurodegeneration ↓ | [218] |
| Rats | CBD | Neurodegeneration ↓ | [223] |
| Hippocampal cultures | CBD | Neuroprotection ↑ | [224] |
| Mice | CBD | Alcohol intake, TH, Oprm1, and CB1R and GPR55 gene expression ↓ |
[225] |
| Humans | CBD | BrAC ↓ | [230] |
| sP Rats | CBD | Lever responses to self-administered alcohol ↓ | [231] |
| Mice | CBD (+THC) | Locomotor sensitization ↓ | [237] |
| Baboons | CBD | Alcohol seeking, self-administration, and drinking patterns ↓ | [238] |
| Mice (SAW model) | CBD | Rearings, groomings, anxiogenic behavior, Cnr2, and Opmr1 expression ↑ Th and Pomc gene expressions ↓ |
[232] |
| Rats | CBD | CGRP, alcohol consumption, and preference ↓ | [233] |
| Rats | CBD | Corticosterone ↓ DA and postsynaptic strength ↑ |
[234] |
| Rats | CBD | Hypothermic and sedation CB1R, DRD1, and DRD2 mRNA ↓ CB2R gene transcription ↑ |
[235] |
| Mice | CBD | Anxiety behavior, S100β, and Iba1 ↓ | [236] |
| Mice | CBD | Cognitive deficits and TNFα IL-6 ↑ | [239] |
| Human | CBD | Disruptive behavior score ↓ | [240] |
| Mice | CBD | Emotional cognitive disturbance ↓ | [241] |
CBD, Cannabidiol; THC, Tetrahydrocannabinol; Oprm1, Opioid Receptor Mu 1; GPR55, G Protein-Coupled Receptor 55; CB1R, Cannabinoid Receptor 1, TH, Tyrosine hydroxylase; BrAC, Breath alcohol level; sP, Sardinian alcohol-preferring; Cnr2, Cannabinoid Receptor 2 gene; SAW, Spontaneous alcohol withdrawal; CGRP, Calcitonin gene-related peptide; DA, Dopamine; DRD1, Dopamine receptor D1; DRD2, Dopamine receptor D2; S100B, calcium-binding protein; Iba, Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, Interleukin-6, SAW, Spontaneous alcohol withdrawal; ↓, reduced; ↑, enhanced.