Figure 1.

High level of succinate could increase the diagnostic performance for aortic disease. (A) Volcano plot of plasma metabolites in all patients vs. healthy controls. (B) Distribution of succinate according to disease status in the validation cohort, before propensity score-matching. (C) Forest plots showing the adjusted per-standard deviation odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for plasma succinate levels associated with aortic diseases in subgroups using the integration of discovery and validation cohort data. Binary logistic regression was adjusted for age, sex, smoking and drinking status, history of hypertension, diabetes, or systolic blood pressure, and levels of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. (D) Decision curve analysis: aortic diseases vs. healthy controls for baseline, succinate, and the combination of baseline and succinate using the integration of discovery and validation cohort data. Baseline refers to age, sex, smoking and drinking status, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. (E) Distribution of succinate plasma levels in patients with aortic diseases, acute myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism and in healthy controls. (F) Receiver operating characteristic curves: patients with aortic diseases, acute myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism vs. healthy controls for succinate. (G) Receiver operating characteristic curves: acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism vs. aortic diseases for succinate.