Table 1.

Representative exercise programs for people with Parkinson’s disease.

Individual Profile	Aerobic Exercise	Resistance Training	Neuromotor Rehabilitation Programs	Flexibility/Stretching Exercises
Eighty-year-old male with advanced PD, ambulates with a rollator and requires caregiver support. He experiences some “off times” in which his medication becomes less effective. He is highly motivated with a great family and friend network.	Rides a NuStep or recumbent bike for 40 min 3×/week. Target HR of 60–70% HRmax	Participated in a seated strengthening program with use of resistance bands for upper body and supervision of a caregiver 2×/week. Completed during “on time” of medication cycle.	Currently receiving PT once every two weeks for maintenance PT. Also receives restorative PT periodically throughout the year. Goal of working on weight shifts with his rollator alongside a trained family member 3×/week.	Participates in daily stretches in his bed before getting up in the morning. Goal of taking a Dance for PD class online 1×/week.
Retired 70-year-old female with short term memory loss who enjoys staying active so she can spend time with her children and grandchildren	Walks 1–2 miles every day (when it is not raining). Target RPE for walks is 6/10.	Goes to the gym 2×/week and uses resistance machines after participation in exercise classes.	Receives restorative PT approximately 1–2×/year. Goal of taking 1–2 classes at her gym each week. (Varies between PWR!Moves, tai chi and Dance for PD) Sometimes her daughter will join her.	Participates in 10 min of home stretches as instructed by PT 5×/week.
Sixty-five-year-old female who was diagnosed one year ago. She has lived a lifetime of being active and is very willing to try to explore exercise options. She is still working and will retire in 1–2 years.	Walks on a treadmill 3×-week with goal of 75% max HR and plays tennis 2×/month	Works out in her home gym using free weights 2×/week	Participates in benchmark assessments 2×/year and restorative PT as needed Participates in a mix of the following activities 1–2×/week: tennis, tai chi, golf, PWR!Moves classes	Incorporates 15 min of stretching as a cool down after her resistance workouts, 2×/week
Recently diagnosed retired 76-year-old male with high blood pressure (controlled with medication) who is relatively sedentary, resistant to begin exercising but willing to give it a chance. He checks his BP daily.	Walks his family dog 3×/week for 20 min. He is working towards a goal of walking for 25 min.	Goal of participating in Rocksteady boxing 1×/week, Goal of completing body weight resistance exercises 2×/week during the commercial breaks of a television show he watches every day	Referred to PT to help establish an exercise program and address balance. PT will also instruct on modifications as needed to improve safety with exercise in individuals with high blood pressure.	Goal of incorporating 10 min of stretches after he gets up in the morning Goal of completing PWR!Moves seated mobility exercises 3×/week during the commercial breaks of a television show he watches every day
Retired 70-year-old male originally diagnosed at age 59 who experiences right side stiffness, right arm tremor, controlled with Carbidopa/Levodopa, NeuPro patch; follows an integrated approach to treatment.	Rides his Peloton bike for 45 min with goal of 80% HRmax 3×/week; 3–5 mile power walk 1×/week	30–45 min weightlifting on major muscle groups 2×/week	LSVT BIG, and regularly works with a PT for any sports-related injury	Daily stretching, and 2× week aim for PWR!Moves or RockSteady Boxing. Participates in golf 2–3×/week.
Forty-one-year-old female who was diagnosed at age 39. She has two children ages 10 and 12 and is still working. She was previously active but not a formal exerciser. Over the past two years has worked with her healthcare team to start an exercise program that emphasizes aerobic components.	She initially used the couch to 5K program to begin running. Now participates in a running group and runs 3–5 miles 2–3×/week with target HRmax of 80%, also walks 20–30 min 2–3×/week. (She will often walk during her children’s soccer practice.)	Goes rock climbing with her son 2×/month. Goal of participating in 30 min of strength training 2×/week. She uses an online fitness membership to guide her workouts.	She worked with a PT to initiate an exercise program and participates in benchmark testing 2×/year. Returns to PT as needed to adjust exercises. Goal of participating in yoga 2×/week in addition to running.	Goal of completing a 15 min yoga video 2×/week. Goes rock climbing with her son 2×/month.