Table 1.

Relation of gonadal hormone exposure with the risk of developing AMD.

Studies That Suggest a Higher Prevalence of AMD in Women	Studies That Suggest No Differences in the Risk of AMD in Premenopausal and Menopausal Women	Studies That Suggest That Estrogen Exposure Decrease Risk of AMD
Beaver Dam Eye Study: women more likely to develop AMD compared with men [42]	Incidence of AMD not different between menopausal and premenopausal groups [45]	Endogenous estrogen exposure reduces risk of AMD [48,49,50]
Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group: higher prevalence among women [43]	No relationship between late AMD and natural exposure to estrogens and progesterone [46]	Estrogens alone or in combination with progestin lower the risk of neovascular AMD [51]
	No relationship between AMD and hormone therapy [47]	hormone replacement therapy lower risk of advanced AMD [52]