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. 2024 Oct 2;15(10):1296. doi: 10.3390/genes15101296

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Relative expression of HMGB1 in the PBMCs of patients with MI with regard to the reference values of the following echocardiographic parameters: LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDVi, LVESVi, LVEF, and LVE measured six-months-post-MI. Relative mRNA expression is presented as the 2−∆Ct value for each sample. The delta Ct value was calculated from the difference between the Ct value of the gene of interest and that of Cyclophilin A. Data are presented as mean 2−∆Ct ± SD for both groups (normal, reference—circles; dilated/impaired—squares). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to calculate the difference in mRNAs’ relative expression between groups. (A) Significant upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA was detected in PBMCs from patients with dilated LVEDD (N = 40) compared to the patients with normal reference LVEDD (N = 55) (0.042 ± 0.017 vs. 0.035 ± 0.012, p = 0.03); (B) HMGB1 mRNA expression did not differ significantly between patients with dilated LVESD (N = 19) and patients with normal reference LVESD (N = 76) (0.044 ± 0.018 vs. 0.037 ± 0.013, p = 0.11); (C) significant upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA was detected in PBMCs from patients with (mildly, moderately, and severely) dilated LVEDVi (N = 12) compared to the patients with normal reference LVEDVi (N = 83) (0.047 ± 0.018 vs. 0.037 ± 0.014, p = 0.03); (D) significant upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA was detected in PBMCs from patients with severely dilated LVESVi (N = 19) compared to the patients with reference and mildly and moderately dilated LVESVi (N = 76) (0.045 ± 0.015 vs. 0.036 ± 0.014, p = 0.006); (E) significant upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA was detected in PBMCs from patients with borderline low, impaired, and severely impaired LVEF (N = 76) compared to the patients with normal reference LVEF (N = 19) (0.040 ± 0.014 vs. 0.032 ± 0.013, p = 0.01); (F) significant upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA was detected in PBMCs from patients with LV enlargement (N = 37) compared to the patients without LV enlargement (N = 58) (0.043 ± 0.016 vs. 0.035 ± 0.012, p = 0.03). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. ns: no significance.