Figure 2.

Timeline of patients’ journey integrated with blood-based biomarkers (BBBM). The figure illustrates the patient journey, starting with population screening and preventive strategies aimed at healthy aging. As AD-related pathology develops, BBBMs such as Aβ42/40, p-tau, and NfL are introduced during visits to a primary care physician for cognitive screening and early detection. Patients are then referred to specialists (neurologists or dementia experts) for clinical evaluation, which integrates BBBMs, CSF biomarkers, and PET imaging to confirm diagnosis. Biomarkers are also used for therapeutic intervention and monitoring disease progression, supporting treatment strategies like anti-Aβ or anti-tau therapies.