Table 1.
Fermentation results at 24 h without sterilization. Content of total polyphenols (mg GaE/g DW), total flavonoids (mg QE/g DW), DPPH (ARA%) and FRAP (mg FSE/g DW) determined on seeds (S) and germinated seeds (GS) (non-fermented NF) of quinoa and amaranth and after spontaneous fermentation (Sp), in samples inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and with both fermenting microorganisms (Sc + Lp). Values were the average of three determinations ± SD; values followed by different letters within columns were statistically significant according to Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05).
| Fermentation Results at 24 h (No Sterilization) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Polyphenols (mg GaE/g DW) |
Total Flavonoids (mg QE/g DW) |
DPPH (ARA%) | FRAP (mg FSE/g DW) | |||||
| Quinoa | Amaranth | Quinoa | Amaranth | Quinoa | Amaranth | Quinoa | Amaranth | |
| S NF | 1.55 ± 0.03 i | 0.54 ± 0.06 j | 3.00 ± 0.14 kl | 2.35 ± 0.33 lm | 7.89 ± 0.45 h | 3.7 ± 1.18 i | 6.07 ± 0.04 i | 2.4 ± 0.13 j |
| S Sp | 7.49 ± 0.14 de | 5.59 ± 0.21 f | 4.43 ± 0.11 ghi | 6.1 ± 0.05 cd | 19.05 ± 0.73 f | 18.34 ± 0.1 f | 6.19 ± 0.24 i | 8.96 ± 0.54 g |
| S Sc | 6.82 ± 0.96 e | 4.55 ± 0.19 g | 4.22 ± 0.14 hi | 1.58 ± 0.22 mn | 17.76 ± 0.33 f | 13.18 ± 0.94 g | 3.90 ± 0.13 j | 4.02 ± 0.28 j |
| S Lp | 4.39 ± 0.44 g | 5.12 ± 0.48 fg | 1.68 ± 0.08 mn | 3.26 ± 0.15 jk | 7.51 ± 0.16 hi | 15.72 ± 0.67 fg | 7.00 ± 0.4 hi | 11.35 ± 0.39 f |
| S Sc + Lp | 10.54 ± 0.41 b | 5.22 ± 0.22 fg | 4.87 ± 0.27 efgh | 1.31 ± 0.09 n | 36.27 ± 2.05 d | 7.82 ± 0.62 h | 23.05 ± 0.54 d | 6.48 ± 0.7 hi |
| GS NF | 2.60 ± 0.04 h | 2.54 ± 0.16 h | 4.46 ± 0.43 fghi | 4.9 ± 0.173 efgh | 13.07 ± 1.41 g | 9.06 ± 1.25 h | 8.31 ± 0.24 gh | 12.7 ± 0.2 f |
| GS Sp | 11.78 ± 0.42 a | 9.92 ± 0.33 bc | 12.81 ± 0.31 a | 9.41 ± 0.49 b | 38.79 ± 1.28 d | 27.46 ± 2.17 e | 23.76 ± 0.315 d | 16.16 ± 0.83 e |
| GS Sc | 8.07 ± 0.68 d | 4.62 ± 0.17 fg | 4.06 ± 0.14 hij | 3.59 ± 0.44 ijk | 24.33 ± 0.78 e | 15.45 ± 0.89 fg | 24.96 ± 0.37 d | 6.8 ± 0.09 hi |
| GS Lp | 9.70 ± 0.21 bc | 9.44 ± 0.04 c | 5.14 ± 0.04 efg | 5.35 ± 0.07 def | 52.63 ± 1.84 ab | 52.89 ± 2.76 a | 58.97 ± 1.13 a | 37.17 ± 1.22 c |
| GS Sc + Lp | 8.35 ± 0.68 d | 6.64 ± 0.27 e | 6.65 ± 0.42 c | 5.46 ± 0.02 de | 48.69 ± 0.91 bc | 46.31 ± 0.91 c | 49.83 ± 0.03 b | 37.92 ± 1.17 c |