C-O	Carbon-Oxygen.
C-S	Carbon-Sulfur.
Cal-Cal	CarbonAliphatic-CarbonAliphatic.
Car-Cal	CarbonAromatic-CarbonAliphatic.
DHP	9:10-dihydrophenanthrene.
FTIR	Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry.
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
IR	Infrared Spectroscopy.
ESR	Electron Spin Resonance.
H/C	Hydrogen to Carbon ratio.
α–Cal	Carbonalpha-CarbonAliphatic.
β–Cal	Carbonbeta-CarbonAliphatic.
Car–Cal–Cal	CarbonAromatic-CarbonAliphatic-CarbonAliphatic Chain.
Cal–O	CarbonAliphatic-Oxygen.
C-C	Carbon–Carbon.
±1/2	Spin up and spin down transition state of free electron.
HGO	Heavy Gas Oil.
VGO	Vacuum Gas Oil.
VR	Vacuum Residue.
AR	Atmospheric Residue.
AQ	Anqing vacuum residue.
QD	Qingtao vacuum residue.
SARA	Saturates: Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes.
Sa	Saturates.
Ar	Aromatics.
Re	Resins.
Asp	Asphaltenes.
ΔHpp	Linewidth.
Wt%	Percentage weight.
µmol/g	Micro mole per gram.
°C	Celsius.
OM	Organic Matter.
Wcoke	Percentage weight of coke per gram of residue
ASCM	Asphaltenes from the Merey crude oil
ARVM	Vacuum residue of asphaltenes from the Merey crude oil
HDOM	Huadian Organic Matter.
CR-T	Total radical concentration.
CR-S	Stable radical concentration.
HLBE	Hulunber coal.
BLT	Bulianta coal.
BET	Buertai coal.
DLT	Daliuta coal.
Rt	Residence time.
Mol/g	Mole per gram.
NMH	Naomaohu coal.
ZD	Zhundong coal.
ZC	Zichang coal.