Table 1.
Characteristics of all included patients and stratified by sex-based groups.
| Total | Mean ± SD | Female | Mean ± SD | Male | Mean ± SD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Number | Number | |||||
| Age (years old) | (3464) | 58.90 ± 13.1 | 2060 | 59.60 ± 12.90 | 1404 | 57.80 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | (3302) | 29.01 ± 5.60 | 1965 | 29.89 ± 6.02 | 1337 | 29.33 ± 4.90 | 0.109 |
| SBP (mmHg) | (3328) | 159.58 ± 30.84 | 1978 | 160.71 ± 31.14 | 1350 | 157.92 ± 30.32 | 0.007 |
| DBP (mmHg) | (3328) | 95.75 ± 17.94 | 1978 | 95.59 ± 17.70 | 1350 | 95.98 ± 18.30 | 0.857 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | (3432) | 1.28 ± 1.14 | 2036 | 1.10 ± 0.87 | 1396 | 1.54 ± 1.41 | <0.001 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | (3305) | 86.30 ± 38.72 | 1969 | 91.45 ± 39.86 | 1336 | 78.71 ± 35.64 | <0.001 |
| K+ (mEq/L) | (3259) | 4.25 ± 0.57 | 2040 | 4.28 ± 0.52 | 1390 | 4.24 ± 0.58 | 0.857 |
| Urinary Na+ (mEq/L) | (2205) | 173.84 ± 82.04 | 1329 | 157.37 ± 71.97 | 876 | 198.88 ± 89.71 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | (2979) | 6.51 ± 2.21 | 1787 | 6.57 ± 2.48 | 1192 | 6.42 ± 1.72 | 0.021 |
| Aldosterone (ng/dL) | (3464) | 13.45 ± 16.70 | 2060 | 13.13 ± 18.69 | 1404 | 13.92 ± 13.24 | <0.001 |
| PRA (ng/mL/h) | (2414) | 3.88 ± 8.83 | 1366 | 2.13 ± 4.48 | 1048 | 6.15 ± 12.01 | <0.001 |
| A/PRA | (2414) | 17.44 ± 36.97 | 1366 | 18.57 ± 44.29 | 1048 | 15.96 ± 24.28 | <0.001 |
| PRC (µUI/mL) | (1050) | 57.74 ± 108.44 | 694 | 48.41 ± 93.07 | 356 | 75.92 ± 131.68 | 0.157 |
| A/PRC | (1050) | 1.87 ± 3.83 | 694 | 1.74 ± 3.75 | 356 | 2.12 ± 3.97 | 0.459 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; K+: concentration of serum potassium; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; A/PRA: aldosterone to plasma renin activity ratio; A/PRC: aldosterone to plasma renin concentration ratio.