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. 2024 Oct 12;13(20):6084. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206084

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The association between clonal hematopoiesis and heart failure. Mutations in hematopoietic stem cell progenitor cells give rise to clones that expand over time. (1) Factors stimulate clonal proliferation; (2) consequently, these mutated cells enter the bloodstream and myocardium and cause atherosclerosis, (3) or impair cardiac function. (4) An inflammasome/interleukin 1/6-mediated response (5) is central to clonal hematopoiesis-induced heart failure. (6) Heart failure could be a driver of clonal proliferation, as indicated by the dashed line. Solid lines are based on published results. CHIP indicates “clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential”. IL-1, interleukin-6; LV, IL-6, interleukin-6; LV, left ventricular; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3; ROS, reactive oxygen species [30].