Table 1.
General clinical and biochemical data of ankylosing spondylitis patients.
| Parameter | AS Patients (N = 96) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 36.5 (31.0–47.0) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 38 (39.6) |
| Male | 58 (60.4) |
| Alcohol use | |
| NO | 90 (93.8) |
| YES | 6 (6.3) |
| Smoking | |
| NO | 59 (61.5) |
| YES | 37 (38.5) |
| Educational background | |
| Primary school | 15 (15.6) |
| Secondary school | 14 (14.6) |
| High school | 29 (30.2) |
| University | 38 (39.6) |
| Marital status | |
| Single | 23 (24.0) |
| Married | 69 (71.9) |
| Divorced | 4 (4.2) |
| Delay in diagnosis, months | 2 (1–3) |
| Family history of AS | |
| NO | 47 (49.0) |
| YES | 49 (51.0) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |
| NO | 96 (100) |
| CAD | |
| NO | 96 (100) |
| Hypertension | |
| NO | 96 (100) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | |
| NO | 96 (100) |
| Inflammatory back pain | |
| NO | 6 (6.3) |
| YES | 90 (93.7) |
| Peripheral arthritis | |
| NO | 81 (84.4) |
| YES | 15 (15.6) |
| Uveitis | |
| NO | 81 (84.4) |
| YES | 15 (15.6) |
| Dactylitis | |
| NO | 96 (100) |
| Enthesitis | |
| NO | 71 (74.0) |
| YES | 25 (26.0) |
| Sacroiliac MRI enhancement status | |
| None | 6 (6.3) |
| Right unilateral | 7 (7.3) |
| Left unilateral | 7 (7.3) |
| Bilateral | 76 (79.2) |
| Drugs used to treat AS | |
| NSAID | 33 (34.4) |
| Anti TNF | |
| etanercept | 12 (12.5) |
| adalimumab | 28 (29.2) |
| certolizumab | 7 (7.3) |
| infliximab | 6 (6.3) |
| golimumab | 10 (10.4) |
| Drug use duration, years | 3 (2–5) |
| Duration of disease, years | 5.0 (4.0–10.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 (22.6–29.4) |
| WC, cm | 91.0 (86.0–104.0) |
| WtHR | 0.546 (0.505–0.596) |
| WBC | 7.52 (6.49–8.71) |
| Neutrophil count, ×109 /L | 4.33 (3.34–5.32) |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 2.39 (1.98–2.92) |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 140 (120–151) |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 285 (252–337) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 209.5 (180.0–237.0) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 109.5 (74.0–173.0) |
| HDL-c, mg/dL | 49.5 (43.0–60.0) |
| LDL-c, mg/dL | 133.5 (108.0–152.0) |
| Vitamin B12, pg/mL | 326.0 (264.0–411.0) |
| Folate, ng/mL | 8.0 (6.9–11.0) |
| Vitamin D, ng/mL | 10.00 (6.00–16.00) |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 62.5 (22.0–95.0) |
| Hba1c, % | 5.55 (5.20–5.80) |
| BASDAI score | 4.40 (3.40–5.90) |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WtHR, waist-to-height ratio; WBC, white blood cell; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; BASDAI, bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index.