Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Without Propensity Score Matching | With Propensity Matching | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Anemics (n = 4701) |
Anemics (n = 2944) |
p-Value | Non-Anemics (n = 1914) |
Anemics (n = 1914) |
SMD | |||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 66 | (56–76) | 75 | (66–81) | 0.001 | 72 | (63–80) | 74 | (65–81) | −10.55% |
| Male sex, n (%) | 3115 | (66.3) | 1857 | (63.1) | 0.004 | 1196 | (62.5) | 1196 | (62.5) | 0% |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 27.8 | (24.8–31.3) | 26.5 | (23.8–30.4) | 0.001 | 27.7 | (24.6–31.2) | 26.6 | (23.8–30.2) | 16.35% |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 4093 | (87.1) | 2419 | (82.2) | 0.001 | 1794 | (93.7) | 1778 | (92.9) | −3.20% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1025 | (21.8) | 922 | (31.3) | 0.001 | 570 | (29.8) | 599 | (31.3) | 3.26% |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1932 | (41.1) | 788 | (26.8) | 0.001 | 708 | (37.0) | 537 | (28.1) | −19.08% |
| Prior medical history, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Congestive HF | 300 | (6.4) | 374 | (12.7) | 0.001 | 162 | (8.5) | 222 | (11.6) | 10.32% |
| Pacemaker | 56 | (1.2) | 59 | (2.0) | 0.004 | 28 | (1.5) | 41 | (2.1) | 4.51% |
| COPD | 129 | (2.7) | 168 | (5.7) | 0.001 | 82 | (4.3) | 84 | (4.4) | 0.49% |
| Liver cirrhosis | 33 | (0.7) | 55 | (1.9) | 0.001 | 17 | (0.9) | 33 | (1.7) | 7.07% |
| Malignancy | 149 | (3.2) | 295 | (10.0) | 0.001 | 103 | (5.4) | 123 | (6.4) | 4.24% |
| Stroke | 29 | (0.6) | 31 | (1.1) | 0.035 | 17 | (0.9) | 17 | (0.9) | 0% |
| Comorbidities at index hospitalization, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Acute coronary Syndrome |
||||||||||
| Unstable angina | 1502 | (32.0) | 530 | (18.0) | 0.001 | 471 | (24.6) | 422 | (22.0) | −6.15% |
| STEMI | 569 | (12.1) | 341 | (11.6) | 0.494 | 185 | (9.7) | 207 | (10.8) | 3.63% |
| NSTEMI | 771 | (16.4) | 615 | (20.9) | 0.001 | 402 | (21.0) | 395 | (20.6) | −0.99% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1083 | (23.0) | 921 | (31.3) | 0.001 | 558 | (29.2) | 583 | (30.5) | 2.84% |
| Atrial flutter | 105 | (2.2) | 55 | (1.9) | 0.277 | 58 | (3.0) | 44 | (2.3) | −4.36% |
| Acute decompensated heart failure | 424 | (9.0) | 503 | (17.1) | 0.001 | 277 | (14.5) | 314 | (16.4) | 5.26% |
| Cardiogenic shock | 87 | (1.9) | 234 | (7.9) | 0.001 | 14 | (0.7) | 52 | (2.7) | 15.52% |
| Atrioventricular block | 92 | (2.0) | 103 | (3.5) | 0.001 | 39 | (2.0) | 50 | (2.6) | 4.00% |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 161 | (3.4) | 390 | (13.2) | 0.001 | 66 | (3.4) | 78 | (4.1) | 3.69% |
| Out-of-hospital | 111 | (2.4) | 273 | (9.3) | 0.001 | 46 | (2.4) | 61 | (3.2) | 4.85% |
| In-hospital | 50 | (1.1) | 117 | (4.0) | 0.001 | 20 | (1.0) | 17 | (0.9) | −1.03% |
| Valvular heart Disease |
649 | (13.8) | 643 | (21.8) | 0.001 | 397 | (20.7) | 447 | (23.4) | 6.52% |
| Stroke | 152 | (3.2) | 135 | (4.6) | 0.002 | 53 | (2.8) | 81 | (4.2) | 7.62% |
| LVEF, n (%) | ||||||||||
| >55 | 2293 | (53.0) | 1029 | (40.8) | 0.001 | 946 | (49.4) | 864 | (45.1) | −8.62% |
| 45–55% | 962 | (22.3) | 570 | (22.6) | 418 | (21.8) | 461 | (24.1) | 5.47% | |
| 35–44% | 509 | (11.7) | 455 | (18.0) | 255 | (13.3) | 320 | (16.7) | 9.53% | |
| <35% | 563 | (13.0) | 470 | (18.6) | 295 | (15.4) | 269 | (14.1) | −3.67% | |
| Not documented | 374 | - | 420 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IQR, interquartile range; (N)STEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; SMD, standard mean difference. Level of significance p ≤ 0.05. Bold type indicates statistical significance.