Table 2.
Procedural, laboratory, and follow-up data.
| Without Propensity Score Matching | With Propensity Score Matching | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Anemics (n = 4701) |
Anemics (n = 2944) |
p-Value | Non-Anemics (n = 1914) |
Anemics (n = 1914) |
SMD | |||||
| Coronary angiography, n (%) | ||||||||||
| No evidence of coronary artery disease | 1583 | (33.7) | 742 | (25.2) | 0.001 | 524 | (27.4) | 532 | (27.8) | 0.89% |
| 1-vessel disease | 997 | (21.2) | 529 | (18.0) | 370 | (19.3) | 343 | (17.9) | −3.60% | |
| 2-vessel disease | 952 | (20.3) | 610 | (20.7) | 425 | (22.2) | 396 | (20.7) | −3.65% | |
| 3-vessel disease | 1169 | (24.9) | 1063 | (36.1) | 595 | (31.1) | 643 | (33.6) | 5.35% | |
| Right coronary artery | 1984 | (42.2) | 1575 | (53.5) | 0.001 | 943 | (49.3) | 972 | (50.8) | 3.00% |
| Left main trunk | 431 | (9.2) | 410 | (13.9) | 0.001 | 215 | (11.2) | 253 | (13.2) | 6.11% |
| Left anterior descending | 2388 | (50.8) | 1766 | (60.0) | 0.001 | 1092 | (57.1) | 1095 | (57.2) | 0.20% |
| Left circumflex | 1771 | (37.7) | 1411 | (47.9) | 0.001 | 859 | (55.1) | 877 | (54.2) | 1.81% |
| Ramus intermedius | 462 | (9.8) | 386 | (13.1) | 0.001 | 240 | (12.5) | 238 | (12.4) | −0.30% |
| CABG | 91 | (1.9) | 134 | (4.6) | 0.001 | 52 | (2.7) | 70 | (3.7) | 5.68% |
| Chronic total occlusion | 344 | (7.3) | 269 | (9.1) | 0.004 | 132 | (6.9) | 147 | (7.7) | 3.08% |
| PCI, n (%) | 1953 | (41.5) | 1335 | (45.3) | 0.001 | 822 | (42.9) | 837 | (43.7) | 1.61% |
| Right coronary artery | 745 | (15.8) | 530 | (18.0) | 0.014 | 309 | (16.1) | 346 | (18.1) | 5.31% |
| Left main trunk | 154 | (3.3) | 136 | (4.6) | 0.003 | 69 | (3.6) | 83 | (4.3) | 3.59% |
| Left anterior descending | 1021 | (21.7) | 691 | (23.5) | 0.074 | 428 | (22.4) | 413 | (21.6) | −1.93% |
| Left circumflex | 628 | (13.4) | 457 | (15.5) | 0.008 | 303 | (15.8) | 292 | (15.3) | −1.38% |
| Ramus intermedius | 81 | (1.7) | 56 | (1.9) | 0.566 | 38 | (2.0) | 30 | (1.6) | −3.01% |
| CABG | 23 | (0.5) | 32 | (1.1) | 0.002 | 14 | (0.7) | 20 | (0.9) | 3.27% |
|
Sent to CABG, n (%) |
213 | (4.5) | 125 | (4.2) | 0.586 | 99 | (5.2) | 97 | (5.1) | −0.45% |
| Procedural data | ||||||||||
| Number of stents, median (IQR) | 2 | (1–3) | 2 | (1–3) | 0.004 | 2 | (1–3) | 2 | (1–3) | 0% |
| Stent length, median (IQR) | 40 | (24–72) | 46 | (24–80) | 0.015 | 43 | (24–76) | 44 | (24–76) | −9.21% |
| Contrast, median (IQR) | 106 | (69–181) | 126 | (75–210) | 0.001 | 115 | (74–200) | 120 | (71–200) | −0.97% |
| Baseline laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||||||||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139 | (138–141) | 139 | (137–142) | 0.222 | 140 | (138–141) | 139 | (137–141) | 0% |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.91 | (3.70–4.13) | 4.01 | (3.76–4.30) | 0.001 | 3.95 | (3.73–4.15) | 3.95 | (3.72–4.22) | −8.10% |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.24 | (2.16–2.32) | 2.16 | (2.07–2.24) | 0.001 | 2.21 | (2.13–2.27) | 2.17 | (2.10–2.25) | 23.83% |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.2 | (59.6–86.2) | 57.4 | (37.9–79.7) | 0.001 | 66.1 | (52.5–80.0) | 61.7 | (42.9–83.4) | 7.67% |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.2 | (13.4–15.1) | 11.0 | (9.8–11.9) | 0.001 | 14.0 | (13.3–14.8) | 11.3 | (10.1–12.0) | 247.21% |
| WBC count, ×109/L |
8.7 | (7.1–10.8) | 9.4 | (7.3–12.4) | 0.001 | 8.9 | (7.2–10.7) | 8.7 | (6.8–11.1) | 0% |
| Platelet count, ×109/L |
234 | (195–276) | 237 | (185–299) | 0.012 | 237 | (197–284) | 238 | (189–296) | −6.08% |
| HbA1c, % | 5.8 | (5.5–6.5) | 5.9 | (5.5–6.9) | 0.004 | 6.0 | (5.6–6.8) | 5.9 | (5.4–6.8) | 7.97% |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 114 | (87–143) | 89 | (66–117) | 0.001 | 106 | (83–134) | 93 | (68–120) | 34.46% |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 43 | (36–54) | 40 | (32–51) | 0.001 | 45 | (37–55) | 41 | (33–52) | 19.83% |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 130 | (96–183) | 120 | (91–169) | 0.001 | 132 | (98–182) | 118 | (90–165) | 16.82% |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L |
14 | (7–39) | 60 | (19–131) | 0.001 | 14 | (7–39) | 42 | (14–100) | −63.47% |
| Procalcitonin, µg/L | 0.15 | (0.06–0.65) | 0.52 | (0.18–2.27) | 0.001 | 0.26 | (0.11–0.93) | 0.29 | (0.12–0.97) | 5.85% |
| Albumin, g/L | 36.0 | (33.5–38.3) | 30.5 | (26.1–33.9) | 0.001 | 35.0 | (32.4–37.4) | 31.8 | (28.3–34.7) | 81.28% |
| INR | 1.04 | (1.00–1.11) | 1.09 | (1.02–1.22) | 0.001 | 1.04 | (0.99–1.13) | 1.07 | (1.01–1.17) | −13.87% |
| NT-pro BNP, pg/mL | 1064 | (249–2964) | 3817 | (1494–10,246) | 0.001 | 1566 | (433–4181) | 2936 | (1158–7013) | −24.73% |
| Cardiac troponin I, µg/L | 0.58 | (0.09–5.33) | 0.89 | (0.15–5.31) | 0.001 | 0.46 | (0.08–4.30) | 0.62 | (0.11–4.41) | −7.45% |
| Creatin Kinase, U/L | 130 | (84–256) | 143 | (77–379) | 0.001 | 123 | (82–225) | 126 | (72–282) | −7.58% |
| Creatin Kinase MB, U/L | 30 | (20–59) | 36 | (22–73) | 0.001 | 33 | (23–67) | 31 | (20–57) | 8.40% |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | ||||||||||
| ACE-inhibitor | 2411 | (52.6) | 1218 | (47.8) | 0.001 | 1095 | (57.2) | 944 | (49.3) | −15.88% |
| ARB | 1047 | (22.9) | 657 | (25.8) | 0.005 | 438 | (22.9) | 503 | (26.3) | 7.90% |
| Beta-blocker | 3202 | (69.9) | 1845 | (72.5) | 0.022 | 1437 | (75.1) | 1435 | (75.0) | −0.23% |
| Aldosterone antagonist |
645 | (14.1) | 423 | (16.6) | 0.004 | 306 | (16.0) | 330 | (17.2) | 3.23% |
| ARNI | 46 | (1.0) | 32 | (1.3) | 0.326 | 20 | (1.0) | 23 | (1.2) | 1.92% |
| SGLT2-inhibitor | 253 | (5.5) | 94 | (3.7) | 0.001 | 57 | (3.0) | 79 | (4.1) | 5.95% |
| Statin | 3425 | (74.8) | 1842 | (72.3) | 0.026 | 1451 | (75.8) | 1399 | (73.1) | −6.19% |
| ASA | 2961 | (64.6) | 1647 | (64.7) | 0.964 | 1247 | (65.2) | 1249 | (65.3) | 0.21% |
| P2Y12-inhibitor | 2096 | (45.8) | 1287 | (50.5) | 0.001 | 924 | (48.3) | 970 | (50.7) | 4.80% |
| OAC | 1199 | (26.2) | 785 | (30.8) | 0.001 | 630 | (32.9) | 605 | (31.6) | −2.78% |
| p-values | ||||||||||
| Follow-up data, median (IQR) | ||||||||||
| Hospitalization time | 6 | (3–9) | 10 | (5–19) | 0.001 | 7 | (4–11) | 10 | (6–18) | 0.001 |
| ICU time | 0 | (0–0) | 0 | (0–1) | 0.001 | 0 | (0–0) | 0 | (0–0) | 0.001 |
| All-cause mortality, in-hospital, n (%) | 120 | (2.6) | 398 | (13.5) | 0.001 | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | - |
| Patients discharged alive, n (%) | 4581 | (97.4) | 2546 | (86.5) | 1914 | (100.0) | 1914 | (100.0) | - | |
| Primary endpoint, n (%) | ||||||||||
| HF-related rehospitalization, at 36 months |
845 | (18.4) | 698 | (27.4) | 0.001 | 499 | (26.1) | 521 | (27.2) | 0.040 |
| Secondary endpoints, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Acute myocardial infarction, at 36 months |
334 | (7.3) | 214 | (8.4) | 0.091 | 175 | (9.1) | 165 | (8.6) | 0.919 |
| Coronary revascularization, at 36 months | 389 | (8.5) | 203 | (8.0) | 0.447 | 189 | (9.9) | 157 | (8.2) | 0.200 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-pro BNP, amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; OAC, oral anticoagulant; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SGLT2, sodium–glucose-linked transporter 2; SMD; standard mean difference; WBC, white blood cells. Level of significance p ≤ 0.05. Bold type indicates statistical significance.