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. 2024 Sep 27;12(10):1951. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12101951

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Neutrophil motility, bacterial engagement, and clearance in 10% irrigation solutions. (A) Representative images of the neutrophil track length following four-hour incubation of S. aureus in HBSS, XP, Irrisept, or Betadine, respectively. Neutrophils stained with LysoBrite Red (blue) and propidium iodide (PI, red) following four-hour interactions with S. aureus aggregates (green) grown with 10% concentration of the displayed irrigation solution with 20 μm z-stacks. (B) Quantification of neutrophil track lengths post four-hour incubation in respective solutions. (C) Accumulation of PI-positive neutrophils during interactions with nascent biofilms in irrigation solutions. (D) PI-positive neutrophils after four-hour interactions with nascent biofilms in irrigation solutions. (E) Quantification of remaining S. aureus CFUs following four-hour growth in solutions in the presence of neutrophils (ND = not detected). LOD = 10 CFU/mL. Scale bar = 50 μm. Images displayed are representative of one field of view and of three biological replicates. ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 as analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Error bars indicate mean ± SD.