Table 2.
General characteristics of study subjects with low-frequency hearing loss.
| Normal | Mild | Moderate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. subjects | 4048 | 845 | 523 | ||
| Variable | Category | M ± SE/n(%) | M ± SE/n(%) | M ± SE/n(%) | p |
| Age | Year | 50.70 ± 0.15 | 57.09 ± 0.37 | 57.19 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | Less than 5P | 40(1.2) | 7(0.8) | 4(0.9) | 0.893 |
| More than 5P | 241(7.0) | 51(7.7) | 31(6.9) | ||
| No smoking | 3767(91.9) | 787(91.6) | 488(92.2) | ||
| Drinking (1Y) | No (1Y) | 663(15.8) | 134(16.8) | 97(19.0) | <0.001 |
| Less than 1 in Month | 1139(29.0) | 221(25.1) | 117(22.5) | ||
| 1 in month | 495(12.4) | 86(11.8) | 54(10.6) | ||
| 2–4 in month | 662(17.0) | 107(14.2) | 69(14.7) | ||
| 2–3 in week | 235(6.8) | 31(4.5) | 22(4.9) | ||
| More than 4 in week | 68(1.9) | 20(2.2) | 11(2.7) | ||
| No drinking | 786(17.1) | 246(25.4) | 153(25.6) | ||
| Income | Lower | 558(12.7) | 237(25.5) | 154(25.0) | <0.001 |
| Lower-middle | 1006(26.1) | 248(30.4) | 144(26.7) | ||
| Upper-middle | 1140(29.2) | 178(21.4) | 121(27.2) | ||
| Upper | 1344(32.0) | 182(22.7) | 104(21.1) | ||
| Education level |
Elementary school or below | 791(17.1) | 368(41.5) | 220(39.4) | <0.001 |
| Highschool graduate or below | 2602(67.4) | 425(52.3) | 280(56.7) | ||
| College graduate or above | 655(15.5) | 52(6.3) | 23(3.8) | ||
| Menopausal status |
No | 2080(58.1) | 242(35.3) | 180(38.7) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1968(41.9) | 603(64.7) | 343(61.3) | ||
| Hormone replacement therapy | No | 547(11.4) | 148(14.1) | 94(15.5) | 0.021 |
| Yes | 3501(88.6) | 697(85.9) | 429(84.5) | ||
| BMI | 23.99 ± 0.07 | 24.24 ± 0.14 | 24.13 ± 0.17 | 0.125 | |
| SBP | 118.51 ± 0.35 | 122.11 ± 0.79 | 124.41 ± 1.13 | <0.001 | |
| DBP | 76.44 ± 0.21 | 76.21 ± 0.43 | 76.88 ± 0.56 | 0.510 | |
| Total cholesterol | 196.01 ± 0.67 | 198.30 ± 1.49 | 198.89 ± 1.79 | 0.091 | |
| HDL | 51.50 ± 0.22 | 48.90 ± 0.49 | 50.18 ± 0.63 | <0.001 | |
| Triglyceride | 120.40 ± 1.88 | 133.43 ± 3.58 | 131.40 ± 4.38 | <0.001 | |
| eGFR | 99.73 ± 0.26 | 95.66 ± 0.58 | 96.43 ± 0.63 | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | Yes | 807(17.5) | 286(31.0) | 197(35.3) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 573(12.4) | 176(17.6) | 102(17.4) | 0.001 |
| TyG_Index | 8.49 ± 0.01 | 8.63 ± 0.03 | 8.62 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |