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. 2024 Sep 27;15(10):1199. doi: 10.3390/mi15101199

Figure 13.

Figure 13

The mechanisms of hydrovoltaic generator. (a) Flow potential. Reprinted with permission from [121]. (b) Ion volt effect. Reprinted with permission from [122]. (c) Upstream proton diffusion. Reprinted with permission from [123]. (d) Pseudo-flow mechanism. Reprinted with permission from [124].