Figure 14.

Hybrid nanogenerator. (a) A piezo-electromagnetic hybrid wave energy collector driven by a rotating pendulum ball. Reprinted with permission from [133]. (b) A mixed-wave vibration energy collector featuring an electromagnetic two-speed mechanism and piezoelectric upturn. Reprinted with permission from [134]. (c) A triboelectric–electromagnetic composite-based wave energy harvesting system that is self-powered and self-induced. Reprinted with permission from [135]. (d) Hybridized triboelectric–electromagnetic nanogenerator. Reprinted with permission from [136]. (e) Synergistic use of triboelectric and piezoelectric phenomena in specific materials. Reprinted with permission from [137]. (f) Multifunctional sub-100 µm thickness flexible piezo/triboelectric hybrid water energy harvester. Reprinted with permission from [138]. (g) Hybridizing piezoelectric and dielectric elastomer generators. Reprinted with permission from [139]. (h) A dielectric elastomer and electret hybrid ocean wave power generator. Reprinted with permission from [140]. (i) A broadband hybrid blue energy nanogenerator. Reprinted with permission from [141]. (j) Frequency modulated hybrid nanogenerator. Reprinted with permission from [20].