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. 2024 Oct 8;12(10):2027. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12102027

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Eggshell surface properties. (A) comparison of the contact angle measurements on the surface of eggshells of eggs laid by hens from different ages or bleach-treated eggs (no cuticle) (n = 24, ANOVA, Tukey-multiple means comparison; p < 0.05) and (B) A comparison of the contact angle measurements on the eggshell surface between eggs that were graded/ungraded eggs compared to bleach-treated eggs. The contact angle of the surface of the bleach-treated eggs was lower than graded or ungraded eggs. The values with different superscript letters (Tukey multiple means comparison) are significantly different (ANOVA, Tukey multiple-means comparison; p < 0.05). The values represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 72).