Table 1.
Quercetin and nano-quercetin restore kidney functions of CIS-treated rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 7). * Significant difference from the control group, ** significant difference from the CIS group, *** significantly different from the CIS + QUE group.
| Groups | Parameters | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | Urea (mg/dL) | Potassium-K+ (mEq/L) | Sodium-Na+ (mEq/L) | |
| Control | 0.81 ± 0.052 | 44.29 ± 1.11 | 3.45 ± 0.041 | 149.0 ± 3.85 |
| QUE | 0.81 ± 0.035 | 42.85 ± 0.96 | 3.26 ± 0.029 | 154.4 ± 4.63 |
| QUE.NPs | 0.83 ± 0.054 | 42.87 ± 1.26 | 3.43 ± 0.064 | 151.1 ± 4.99 |
| CIS | 1.31 ± 0.042 * (p < 0.0001) |
57.52 ± 1.27 * (p < 0.001) |
2.50 ± 0.039 * (p < 0.001) |
210.0 ± 5.90 * (p < 0.001) |
| CIS + QUE | 1.10 ± 0.027 ** (p < 0.05) |
54.39 ± 1.04 ** (p < 0.05) |
2.42 ± 0.034 ** | 201.1 ± 5.92 |
| CIS + QUE.NPs | 0.94 ± 0.059 *** (p < 0.05) |
49.30 ± 0.87 *** (p < 0.01) |
2.90 ± 0.051 *** (p < 0.001) |
180.0 ± 3.77 *** (p < 0.01) |