Figure 3.

Scale-up cultivation of C. elegans NRRL Y-1392 in a laboratory-scale batch bioreactor (Vw = 1.8 L–C/N = 18.3 mol/mol–1.5 vvm–900 rpm) with an initial spore population of approximately 60,000 spores/mL of broth. During the initial days of the culture, a cloudy mycelial formation with numerous tiny pellets and excreted carotenoids was observed (a), and the broth was subsequently decolorized, and many dense suspended pellets were formed (b). Eventually, these pellets formed compact mycelial biomass, settled on the solid surfaces of the bioreactor (c).