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. 2024 Oct 19;14(20):1679. doi: 10.3390/nano14201679

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Local structure and formation energy of a-IGZO with VO. (a) Formation of Zn-Zn and In-Zn bonds. (b) Formation of In-In and Ga-Ga bonds. The VO is found to be located near Ga and Zn atoms, leading to the formation of huge voids. The In*-M bond is formed in the vicinity of the under-coordinated In (In*) by adding two electrons to the perfect a-IGZO. (c) Formation of the In*-M bonds and the intermediate normal state (NS) to transition state (TS). (d) Energy barrier diagram during the formation of the In*-M bond. (a) Reprinted from [38], Copyright (2018) by American Physical Society. (b) Reprinted from [41], Copyright (2010) by American Institute of Physics. (c,d) Reprinted from [42], Copyright (2014) by Nature Publishing Group.