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mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in ES-, GER-, LS-, and GTL-treated cells vs. CTRL cells during osteogenic stimulation at D14. Histograms show mean ± SEM of mRNA expression in duplicate for each of 6 donors (for SMAD-1, WISP-1, BSP, and ALP) for ES (red), GER (orange), LS (green), GTL (blue). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test were performed. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
