Figure 5.

Incident chronic kidney insufficiency (G3–G5) and current use of glucose-lowering drugs by treatment duration. The reference comparison for each GLD is the non-use. Since all subjects are users of GLDs, the non-use category includes those users of any other GLD. IQR: interquartile range; CI: confidence interval; AOR: adjusted odds ratio. * Adjusted for all the variables in Table 2, excepting CKD stage, plus the following comedication in the year before index date: antihypertensives (including alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists, beta blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and renin-inhibitors), diuretics (including high-ceiling, low-ceiling thiazides, low-ceiling excluding thiazides, direct potassium-sparing agents and, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists), antiplatelet drugs (including COX-1 inhibitors, P2Y12 receptor blockers, others), oral anticoagulants (including vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin inhibitors, direct factor Xa inhibitors), heparins, class I and III antiarrhythmics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, metamizole, symptomatic slow-action drugs for osteoarthritis, opioids, glucocorticoids for systemic use, proton-pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, immunosuppressants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antiepileptics, anti-Parkinson drugs, antipsychotics, vitamin D and calcium (alone or in combination), and colchicine.