Table 2.

Various studies employing albumin-based nanoparticles for intranasal delivery.

Sr. No	Albumin Type	Preparation Method	Research Purposes	API	Results	Ref.
1	Bovine serum albumin	Coacervation method	Plasma profile evaluation —bioavailability	Silybin (SLB)	Intranasal administration of BSA-Nanoparticles (NPs)/SLB in rats improved SLB bioavailability by fourfold compared to free SLB	[87]
2	Bovine serum albumin	Desolvation method	Local nasal therapy—ABR	Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMT)	AMT-loaded BSA NPs with in situ thermosensitive polymer inhibited the growth of ABR pathogens	[88]
3	Bovine serum albumin	Desolvation method	Local nasal therapy—ABR	Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMT)	AMT-loaded BSA NPs with in situ ionic-sensitive polymer inhibited the growth of ABR pathogens	[89]
4	Bovine serum albumin	Desolvation method	Nose-to-brain—Alzheimer disease	Tacrine hydrochloride	Albumin-based NPs with hydrophilic derivatives of betacyclodextrin showed an interesting drug permeation profile	[90]
5	Human serum albumin	Desolvation method	Nose-to-brain	Sulforhodamine B sodium salt	The formulation was able to influence the tight junction, allowing permeation of the molecules	[91]
6	Human serum albumin	Coacervation method	Nose-to-brain—Neuroinflammation	Meloxicam (MEL)	Enhanced permeation of MEL was detected through specific BBB-lipid fraction	[7]
7	Human serum albumin	Coacervation method	Nose-to-brain—Neuroinflammation	Meloxicam (MEL)	Higher cerebral concentration of MEL was observed	[8]
8	Human serum albumin (Albutein 20%)	Simple mixture with water	Nose-to-brain—Alzheimer disease	R-Flurbiprofen (R-FP)	In vivo brain concentration albumin-based nanoparticles of R-FP was higher compared to intranasal and oral R-FP solution	[85]