| GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
| IMU | Inertial Measurement Unit |
| CNN | convolutional neural networks |
| BiLSTM | bidirectional long short-term memory |
| LiDAR | light detection and ranging |
| DOP | dilution of precision |
| HDOP | Horizontal Dilution of Precision |
| VDOP | Vertical Dilution of Precision |
| PDOP | Position Dilution of Precision |
| CNR | carrier-to-noise ratio |
| DCNR | difference in carrier-to-noise ratio |
| GNN | graph neural networks |
| WOA | whale optimization algorithm |
| TP | true positive |
| FN | false negative |
| FP | false positive |
| TN | true negative |