Table 3.
Precision: mean and standard deviation of epochs assigned to each sleep stage by each wearable and PSG. Precision or positive predictive value was calculated as = true positive/(true positive + false positive).
| Oura Assignment | PSG Assignment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wake | Light | Deep | REM | |
| Wake | 53.5% (24.4%) |
35.4% (21.1%) |
0.4% (1.0%) |
10.7% (11.8%) |
| Light | 3.7% (3.9%) |
79.5% (8.6%) |
9.1% (8.6%) |
7.6% (5.7%) |
| Deep | 0.8% (0.7%) |
21.5% (17.0%) |
77.0% (17.4%) |
0.5% (0.9%) |
| REM | 5.9% (8.6%) |
14.5% (11.2%) |
0.5% (1.4%) |
79.1% (13.1%) |
| Fitbit Assignment | Wake | Light | Deep | REM |
| Wake | 51.0% (21.7%) |
33.9% (18.0%) |
3.1% (3.3%) |
12.0% (10.1%) |
| Light | 5.6% (7.9%) |
72.8% (13.4%) |
12.8% (9.8%) |
8.8% (6.5%) |
| Deep | 1.3% (5.9%) |
23.3% (18.6%) |
73.2% (21.5%) |
1.8% (5.1%) |
| REM | 4.5% (9.5%) |
20.3% (18.3%) |
2.1% (6.5%) |
73.1% (21.9%) |
| Apple Assignment | Wake | Light | Deep | REM |
| Wake | 61.9% (23.0%) |
33.4% (22.8%) |
0.8% (2.4%) |
3.9% (4.8%) |
| Light | 5.4% (5.5%) |
72.7% (10.3%) |
16.5% (11.1%) |
5.5% (5.2%) |
| Deep | 0.6% (0.9%) |
10.4% (17.3%) |
87.8% (19.7%) |
0.6% (2.8%) |
| REM | 3.6% (5.3%) |
17.8% (10.5%) |
0.9% (2.2%) |
77.7% (12.9%) |
Note. Precision for each cell was calculated at the participant level. Mean and standard deviation of participant-level estimates are presented here. Estimates represent 35 participants for Oura, 33 participants for Fitbit, and 29 participants for Apple.