Table 3.
ICCs and RMSEs between IMU and OMC measurements (N = 16) during each movement for each spine segment in the primary plane of movement (i.e., flexion/extension = sagittal, side bend = frontal, axial rotation = transverse).
| ICC (CI, 95%) | RMSE (deg) | Adjusted RMSE (deg) # | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Lumbar | 0.88 (0.65–0.96) † | 10.65 | 6.69 |
| Thoracic | 0.99 (0.96–1.00) † | 5.02 | 3.18 | |
| Hip | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) † | 4.89 | 3.88 | |
| Extension | Lumbar | 0.77 (0.35–0.92) † | 7.00 | 3.87 |
| Thoracic | 0.91 (0.75–0.97) † | 3.03 | 2.54 | |
| Hip | 0.95 (0.84–0.98) † | 3.67 | 3.00 | |
| Left Axial Rotation | Lumbar | 0.88 (0.65–0.96) † | 5.00 | 2.60 |
| Thoracic | 0.84 (0.55–0.94) † | 14.16 | 9.94 | |
| Hip | 0.66 (0.03–0.88) | 8.82 | 2.63 | |
| Right Axial Rotation | Lumbar * | 0.95 (0.86–0.98) † | 3.45 | 3.45 |
| Thoracic * | 0.78 (0.33–0.93) † | 15.75 | 10.30 | |
| Hip | 0.93 (0.80–0.98) † | 2.98 | 2.98 | |
| Left Side Bend | Lumbar | 0.87 (0.62–0.95) † | 7.02 | 5.01 |
| Thoracic | 0.32 (−0.96–0.76) | 9.70 | 3.81 | |
| Hip | 0.69 (0.12–0.89) | 3.66 | 3.66 | |
| Right Side Bend | Lumbar | 0.67 (0.06–0.89) | 8.62 | 3.82 |
| Thoracic | 0.80 (0.42–0.93) † | 7.28 | 3.10 | |
| Hip | 0.84 (0.53–0.94) † | 3.24 | 2.44 |
deg = degrees; * N = 15; † indicates good–excellent ICCs; # RMSE was recalculated after outliers (listed in Table 5) were excluded.