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. 2024 Oct 12;24(20):6580. doi: 10.3390/s24206580

Table 6.

ICC and RMSE values between IMU and OMC measurements (N = 16) during each movement for each spine segment in the non-primary planes of movement (i.e., secondary: flexion/extension = frontal, side bend = sagittal, axial rotation = sagittal; tertiary: flexion/extension = transverse, side bend = transverse, axial rotation = frontal).

Secondary Plane Tertiary Plane
ICC (CI, 95%) RMSE (deg) ICC (CI, 95%) RMSE (deg)
Flexion Lumbar 0.20 (−1.28–0.72) 27.30 # −0.07 (−2.06–0.63) 45.88 ##
Thoracic 0.74 (0.25–0.91) 6.06 0.38 (−0.78–0.78) 10.61
Hip 0.68 (0.07–0.89) 6.41 0.85 (0.58–0.95) 4.24
Extension Lumbar 0.23 (−1.19–0.73) 13.19 0.75 (0.29–0.91) 3.46
Thoracic 0.43 (−0.64–0.80) 3.86 0.58 (−0.20–0.85) 4.21
Hip 0.78 (0.36–0.92) 2.81 0.08 (−1.64–0.68) 11.29
Left Axial Rotation Lumbar 0.93 (0.81–0.98) 2.19 0.76 (0.32–0.92) 3.57
Thoracic 0.54 (−0.33–0.84) 9.79 0.23 (−1.20–0.73) 18.84
Hip 0.59 (−0.16–0.86) 12.88 0.26 (−1.12–0.74) 11.99
Right Axial Rotation Lumbar * 0.69 (0.06–0.89) 5.28 0.43 (−0.69–0.81) 8.72
Thoracic * 0.95 (0.84–0.98) 3.40 0.12 (−1.61–0.71) 22.68
Hip 0.93 (0.80–0.98) 4.62 0.42 (−0.66–0.80) 4.28
Left Side Bend Lumbar 0.53 (−0.39–0.84) 9.51 0.50 (−0.48–0.83) 7.34
Thoracic 0.85 (0.57–0.95) 3.96 0.85 (0.55– 0.95) 7.73
Hip 0.92 (0.76–0.97) 3.11 0.92 (0.76–0.97) 3.21
Right Side Bend Lumbar 0.54 (−0.32–0.84) 7.94 0.56 (−0.25–0.85) 6.39
Thoracic 0.74 (0.25–0.91) 6.56 0.89 (0.69–0.96) 5.52
Hip 0.91 (0.74–0.97) 2.95 0.08 (−1.65–0.68) 6.05

ICCs are listed with 95% confidence intervals; deg = degrees; * N = 15; good–excellent ICCs; # RMSE reduced to 21.86° when single subject’s non-physiological data were excluded; ## RMSE reduced to 28.14° when single subject’s non-physiological data were excluded.