Table 1.

Molecular targets of CBD in the skin

Receptor	Affinity of CBD	Function of CBD
GPCR
CB1R	Ki = 3.3–4.9 mM	Inverse agonist/antagonist [47]
	IC50 = 0.27–0.96 mM	Negative allosteric modulator [45]
CB2R	Ki = 4.3 µM	Antagonist [46]
	EC50 = 503 nM	Inverse agonist [47]
	IC50 = 3 nM	Negative allosteric modulator [46]
PPARs
PPARα	N.D.	Partial agonist [153]
PPARγ	EC50 = 2010 nM	Agonist [52]
TRPs
TRPV1	EC50 = 1000 nM	Agonist [53]
TRPV2	EC50 = 1250 nM	Agonist [53]
TRPV3	EC50 = 3700 nM	Agonist [54]
TRPV4	EC50 = 800 nM	Agonist [54]
TRPA1	EC50 = 110 nM	Agonist [53]
TRPM8	IC50 = 160 nM	Antagonist [55]

CB1R cannabinoid receptor type 1, CB2R cannabinoid receptor type 2, CBD cannabidiol, PPARα peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARγ peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma, TRPA1 transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, TRPM8 transient receptor potential cation channel 8, TRPV1 transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, TRPV2 transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2, TRPV3 transient receptor potential vanilloid type 3, TRPV4 transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4