Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with RT-PCR results confirmed for influenza; categorical data: n (%).
| Characteristics | Overall n (%) 1300 (100) |
Influenza A(H1N1) 2022–2023 Season n (%) 608 (86.4) |
Influenza A(H3N2) 2022–2023 n (%) 96(13.6) |
Influenza B 2022–2023 n (%) 87(11) |
Influenza A(H1N1) 2023–2024 n (%) 346 (83.4%) |
Influenza A(H3N2) 2023–2024 n (%) 69(16.6%) |
Influenza B 2023–2024 n (%) 94(18.4%) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: years old | 0.12 | |||||||
| 0–1 | 161 (12.4) | 60 (9.8) | 5 (5.6) | 2 (2.7) | 39 (11.3) | 6 (8.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
| 2–4 | 537 (41.3) | 227 (37.3) | 27 (28.3) | 13 (14.6) | 92 (26.5) | 16 (23.6) | 12 (13.2) | |
| 5–14 | 338 (26) | 141 (23.2) | 34 (35.2) | 34 (38.8) | 120 (34.7) | 23 (32.8) | 42 (44.2) | |
| 15–18 | 264 (20,3) | 180 (29.7) | 30 (30.9) | 38 (43.9) | 95 (27.5) | 24 (34.7) | 38 (40.9) | |
| Gender (%) | 0.12 | |||||||
| Female | 560 (43.1) | 281 (46.2) | 44 (45.3) | 37 (42.9) | 150 (43.5) | 31 (44.3) | 40 (42.1) | |
| Male | 740 (56.9) | 327 (53.8) | 52 (54.7) | 50 (57.1) | 196 (56.5) | 38 (55.7) | 54 (57.9) | |
| Symptoms | ||||||||
| Fever | 1222 (94%) | 600 (98.68) * | 85 (88.54) | 80 (91.95) # | 314 (90.75) | 63 (91.3) | 80 (85.1) # | 0.05 #; 0.01 * |
| Cough | 1157 (89%) | 598 (98.36) * | 85 (88.54) | 47 (54.02) | 312 (90.17) | 60 (87) | 55 (58.51) | 0.13; 0.01 * |
| Weakness | 832 (64%) | 342 (56.25) | 49 (51.04) | 74 (85.05) | 262 (75.72) | 27 (39.13) | 78 (83) | 0.10 |
| Nasal congestion | 598 (46%) | 218 (35.86) | 53 (55.2) | 51 (58.62) | 181 (52.31) | 30 (43.48) | 65 (69.15) | 0.14 |
| Sore throat | 728 (56%) | 345 (56.74) * | 44 (45.83) | 43 (49.43) | 182 (52.6) | 31 (45) | 64 (68) | 0.2; 0.005 * |
| Headache | 562 (43.23%) | 189 (14.54) | 40 (41.67) | 32 (36.78) | 203 (58.67) | 42 (60.86) | 56 (59.57) | 0.3 |
| Myalgia | 561 (43.15%) | 132 (21.71) * | 35 (36.46) | 80 (91.95) | 231 (66.76) | 43 (62.32) | 40 (42.55) | 0.07; 0.0011 * |
| Watery eyes | 375 (28.85%) | 182 (29.93) | 23 (24) | 15 (17.24) | 102 (29.5) | 21 (30.43) | 32 (34.04) | 0.13 |
| Nausea | 272 (20.92%) | 107 (17.6) | 12 (12.5) | 21 (24.14) | 80 (23.12) | 27 (70) | 25 (27) | 0.12 |
| Vomiting | 677 (52.08%) | 308 (50.66) | 32 (33.33) | 42 (48.28) # | 210 (60.7) | 29 (42.03) | 56 (59.57) # | 0.01 # |
| Diarrhea | 575 (44.23%) | 274 (45.07) | 21 (21.88) | 74 (85) # | 109 (31.5) | 32 (46.38) | 65 (69.15) # | 0.05 # |
| Complications n (%) | ||||||||
| Pneumonia | 643 (49.46) | 328 (53.95) | 56 (58.33) | 76 (87.36) | 87 (25.14) | 42 (60.86) | 54 (57.45) | |
| Sinusitis | 440 (33.84) | 187 (30.76) | 46 (47.92) | 44 (50.57) | 121 (34.97) | 14 (20.29) | 28 (29.79) | |
| Bronchitis | 508 (39.08) | 279 (45.89) | 35 (36.46) | 39 (44.83) | 101 (29.19) | 22 (31.88) | 32 (34.04) | |
| Pharyngitis | 407 (31.31) | 126 (20.72) | 67 (69.79) | 70 (80.46) | 110 (31.79) | 25 (36.23) | 9 (9.57) | |
| Acute otitis media | 417 (32.08) | 200 (32.89) | 30 (31.25) | 39 (44.83) | 98 (28.32) | 26 (30.43) | 24 (25.53) | |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 649 (49.92) | 309 (50.82) | 55 (57.29) | 48 (55.17) | 180 (52.02) | 21 (30.43) | 36 (38.29) |
Fever (94%) and cough (89%) were the most commonly reported symptoms, and myalgia was associated with influenza B in the 2022–2023 season. The presence of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea was associated with statistical significance in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.001) in patients with influenza B, in both seasons, for clinical diagnosis (#). Influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis was associated with fever, cough, sore throat, and myalgia (*) (p < 0.05).