Table 13.
Serum biochemistry evaluation of animals after two months of experimental diet (results are presented as mean ± SD).
| Biochemical Parameter | C (10) | E5 (10) | E10 (10) | p-Value | Reference Ranges 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K (mM·L−1) | 5.00 ± 0.65 | 4.45 ± 0.44 | 4.63 ± 0.36 | ns | 3.5–6.9 |
| Cl (mM·L−1) | 104 ± 1.29 a,b | 107 ± 2.07 a | 102 ± 3.6 b | 0.0030 | - |
| Ca (mM·L−1) | 4.57 ± 1.98 | 3.67 ± 0.16 | 3.60 ± 0.13 | ns | 2.7–3.5 |
| P (mM·L−1) | 1.29 ± 0.11 | 1.46 ± 0.33 | 1.29 ± 0.22 | ns | 1.3–2.1 |
| Mg (mM·L−1) | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.95 ± 0.04 | 1.02 ± 0.08 | ns | - |
| Albumin (g·L−1) | 36.2 ± 2.79 | 37.6 ± 1.51 | 34.9 ± 3.02 | ns | 36–48 |
| ALP (U·L−1) | 53.6 ± 11.9 | 65.8 ± 12.0 | 59.9 ± 25.0 | ns | 41–92 |
| ALT (U·L−1) | 29.9 ± 7.01 | 23.9 ± 5.63 | 30.4 ± 8.07 | ns | 45–80 |
| AST (U·L−1) | 30.0 ± 6.43 | 26.1 ± 3.57 | 33.9 ± 10.5 | ns | 35–130 |
| Bili (µM·L−1) | 1.24 ± 0.43 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 1.10 ± 0.21 | ns | 0–12 |
| Creat (µM·L−1) | 62.6 ± 13.9 | 62.9 ± 9.09 | 61.7 ± 10.9 | ns | 44.2–221 |
| Glu (mM·L−1) | 7.72 ± 0.47 a | 6.73 ± 0.57 b | 5.78 ± 0.59 c | 0.0000 | 4.1–8.6 |
| Chol. (mM·L−1) | 0.93 ± 0.36 a | 0.53 ± 0.17 b | 0.79 ± 0.34 | 0.0379 | 0.3–2.1 |
| TP (g·L−1) | 69.2 ± 2.76 | 69.5 ± 6.94 | 64.9 ± 5.27 | ns | 54–75 |
| TG (mM·L−1) | 1.72 ± 1.24 a | 0.72 ± 0.35 b | 1.03 ± 0.26 a,b | 0.0311 | - |
| Uric acid (µM·L−1) | 7.84 ± 2.92 | 7.66 ± 2.52 | 7.92 ± 2.92 | ns | - |
| Globulin (g·L−1) | 32.9 ± 4.08 | 31.8 ± 7.98 | 30.0 ± 4.65 | ns | 16–29 |
| A/G ratio | 1.12 ± 0.18 | 1.23 ± 0.23 | 1.18 ± 0.20 | ns | - |
ns—not significant; values with different superscript letters in a same row are significantly different; 1 MSD Merck Veterinary Manual (Modified Nov 2022)—Haematology Reference Ranges. (Ca—calcium, P—phosphorus, Mg—magnesium, TP—total proteins, albumin, AST—aspartate aminotransferase, ALT—alanine aminotransferase, ALP—alkaline phosphatase, Bili—direct bilirubin, Creat—enzymatic creatinine, Glu—glucose, Chol—cholesterol, TG—triglycerides, uric acid). a,b Values within a row with different superscripts differ significantly; number of samples (n = 10) per each group.