Table 1.
Demographics, clinical findings, and laboratory results of patients with COVID-19 on presentation stratified by mortality at study endpoint (D28): GeoSentinel (2020–2021).
| Entire Cohort a | Survived b | Died c | p-Value d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 193 | 164 (91.1%) | 16 (8.9%) | -- |
| Demographics | ||||
| Median age in years, (range) | 63 (22, 102) | 62 (22, 102) | 76 (60, 94) | <0.001 * |
| Female sex at birth (%) | 77 (39.9) | 63 (38.4) | 7 (43.8) | 0.881 |
| Median BMI (kg/m2), (IQR) | 27.9 (25.1, 31.3) | 28.1 (25.9, 31.2) | 24.1 (22.1, 31.9) | 0.120 * |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 45 (23.8) | 37 (23.0) | 6 (37.5) | 0.324 |
| Asthma | 14 (7.3) | 14 (8.5) | 0 (0) | 0.697 † |
| Malnutrition | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 1.00 † |
| Obesity | 50 (26.6) | 43 (26.9) | 5 (31.3) | 0.936 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 52 (27.1) | 40 (24.5) | 10 (62.5) | 0.003 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 14 (7.3) | 10 (6.1) | 3 (18.8) | 0.165 † |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 20 (10.5) | 14 (8.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.331 † |
| Chronic liver disease | 6 (3.1) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (6.3) | 0.533 † |
| Malignant neoplasm | 23 (12.0) | 19 (11.7) | 4 (25.0) | 0.271 † |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic, median (IQR) | 130 (117, 140) | 130 (118, 140) | 132 (119, 136) | 0.872 * |
| Diastolic, mean (SD) | 77 (12) | 76 (11) | 73 (16) | 0.452 * |
| Temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 37.0 (36.3, 37.7) | 37.0 (36.4, 37.7) | 37.1 (36.2, 38.3) | 0.656 * |
| Heart rate (beats per min), median (IQR) | 85 (74, 100) | 85 (74.8, 100) | 90 (79.3, 105) | 0.358 * |
| Respiratory rate (breaths per min), median (IQR) | 20 (17, 23) | 20 (16, 22) | 21 (18, 30) | 0.061 * |
| Oxygen saturation (SpO2), median (range) | 94 (92, 96) | 94 (92, 96) | 92 (85, 96) | 0.125 * |
| ALI or ARDS, n (%) | 43 (22.8) | 33 (20.6) | 9 (56.3) | 0.006 † |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 13 (7.0) | 10 (6.1) | 3 (18.8) | 0.147 † |
| Glasgow Coma Score < 15, n (%) | 9 (4.7) | 6 (3.7) | 1 (6.3) | 0.656 † |
| qSOFA Scores, n (%) | 0.091 † | |||
| 0 | 130 (67.7) | 114 (69.9) | 7 (43.8) | |
| 1 | 58 (30.2) | 45 (27.6) | 9 (56.2) | |
| 2 | 4 (2.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Platelet count (109/L), median (IQR) | 210 (164, 268) | 213 (164, 265) | 196 (151, 292) | 0.608 * |
| White blood cell count (109/L), median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.4, 9.6) | 6.4 (4.4, 9.6) | 7.1 (4.3, 7.9) | 0.988 * |
| Lymphocyte count (109/L), median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4, 0.8) | <0.001 * |
| Neutrophil count (109/L), median (IQR) | 4.9 (2.8, 7.9) | 4.8 (2.9, 8.0) | 5.9 (3.0, 6.7) | 0.587 * |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 4.7 (2.7, 9.0) | 4.6 (2.7, 8.8) | 10.1 (5.0, 15.5) | 0.007 * |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (IQR) | 63.5 (21.5, 121.0) | 62.3 (21.7, 117.2) | 122.6 (70.0, 146.0) | 0.049 * |
| D-dimer (mg/L), median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.159 * |
Abbreviations: acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), body mass index (BMI), interquartile range (IQR), Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Data are presented as n (% of available data) for categorical variables, mean (SD) for normal continuous variables, and median (IQR) for non-normal continuous variables. Age is presented as median (range). a n = 8 with no outcome data at D7 or D28, n = 13 lost to follow-up at D28; b includes those who were discharged (n = 145) and those who remain hospitalized but alive (n = 19) by D28; c includes those who died at D7 (n = 4) and those who died by D28 (n = 12). d p-values are calculated using chi-square tests unless otherwise noted. * t-test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon test (non-parametric distribution). † Fisher’s exact test p-value.