Table 7.
Intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia after two-month dietary supplementation of bitter lemon (Citrus limon) peel essential oil, Spirulina, and their mixture.
| Items | Control | LEO | SP | LEO/SP | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior segment | Villus height | 135.6 ± 6.9 c | 165.3 ± 9.8 bc | 147.1 ± 12.8 b | 216.8 ± 7.5 a | <0.001 |
| Villus width | 45.11 ± 2.8 c | 58.81 ± 1.9 bc | 68.95 ± 4.1 ab | 82.8 ± 4.2 a | <0.001 | |
| Crypt depth | 25.74 ± 1.7 d | 46.73 ± 4.3 b | 43.86 ± 1.4 c | 66.12 ± 1.9 a | <0.0001 | |
| Middle segment | Villus height | 110.3 ± 6.6 d | 143.3 ± 7.2 c | 189.6 ± 7.5 b | 286.9 ± 4.5 a | <0.0001 |
| Villus width | 60.6 ± 0.8 c | 64.30 ± 3.5 b | 67.7 ± 2.4 b | 91.4 ± 2.6 a | <0.0001 | |
| Crypt depth | 31.8 ± 3.6 c | 40.19 ± 2.6 b | 42.19 ± 2.3 b | 65.13 ± 3.9 a | <0.001 | |
| Posterior segment | Villus height | 90.72 ± 3.7 c | 106 ± 5.4 c | 136.8 ± 4.8 b | 200.2 ± 6.1 a | <0.0001 |
| Villus width | 47.29 ± 3.9 c | 61.31 ± 1.7 b | 57.46 ± 3.9 bc | 77.59 ± 1.8 a | <0.001 | |
| Crypt depth | 22.27 ± 0.5 c | 25.46 ± 0.8 bc | 31.11 ± 2.9 b | 42.77 ± 2 a | <0.001 |
Results are expressed as means ± SE. Different lowercase letters in the row indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05.