Table 4.

Predictors of School Belonging Over Time.

Parameter	β (SE)	p
Intercept	15.19 (1.43)	<.001
Assessment during COVID-19 school closure	0.01 (0.28)	.960
Youth
Secondary school (14–16 years)	0.91 (0.31)	.003
Male sex	0.20 (0.30)	.511
Immigrant	0.57 (0.58)	.327
Psychopathology	0.82 (0.33)	.013
Family
Non-White parent	0.78 (0.48)	.111
Partnered parent	0.12 (0.48)	.802
Postsecondary graduate	−0.04 (0.37)	.913
Household income ≥$90,000	−0.44 (0.34)	.195
Family functioning	−0.01 (0.03)	.610
School
Quality of life, social/peer support	−0.06 (0.01)	<.001
Quality of life, school environment	−0.08 (0.02)	<.001
Peer victimization	0.23 (0.05)	<.001
Community
Residential instability	0.56 (0.25)	.028
Material deprivation	−0.48 (0.21)	.022
Dependency	−0.18 (0.24)	.436
Ethnic concentration	0.03 (0.27)	.920