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A proposed model of 5-FU/oxaliplatin function in cancer treatment. 5-FU/oxaliplatin activates the cGAS/STING innate immune response. On one hand, it recruits CD8+ T-cells to the TME, facilitating the elimination of tumor cells. On the other hand, it upregulates PD-L1 expression on tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, leading to chemoresistance. In contrast, combination of 5-FU/oxaliplatin with anti-PD-1 mitigates PD-L1-mediated immune escape, resulting in tumor cell death.
