Table 1.
Weighted characteristics of study populations.
| Variable | All participants | Male | Female | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||||
| <44 | 44.40 | 45.17 | 43.57 | |||
| [44, 60) | 32.71 | 34.21 | 31.10 | |||
| ≥60 | 22.90 | 20.62 | 25.32 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-hispanic White | 65.43 | 67.26 | 63.47 | |||
| Non-hispanic Black | 11.70 | 10.05 | 13.47 | |||
| Mexican American | 8.50 | 9.12 | 7.84 | |||
| Other Race/ethnicity | 14.37 | 13.57 | 15.22 | |||
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||||
| Never married | 17.33 | 18.21 | 16.40 | |||
| Married/living with partner | 63.97 | 68.35 | 59.32 | |||
| Widowed/divorced | 18.70 | 13.44 | 24.29 | |||
| Poverty Income Ratio | <0.001 | |||||
| <1 | 15.33 | 12.87 | 17.98 | |||
| [1,3) | 36.05 | 34.72 | 37.49 | |||
| ≥3 | 48.62 | 52.41 | 44.53 | |||
| Education | 0.056 | |||||
| Below high school | 5.43 | 5.46 | 5.41 | |||
| High school | 35.97 | 37.26 | 34.60 | |||
| College or above | 58.59 | 57.28 | 59.99 | |||
| Smokers | <0.001 | |||||
| Never smoker | 54.98 | 48.24 | 62.12 | |||
| Former smoker | 24.19 | 28.90 | 19.19 | |||
| Current smoker | 20.83 | 22.85 | 18.69 | |||
| Alcohol drinkers | <0.001 | |||||
| Nondrinker | 32.88 | 27.22 | 38.91 | |||
| Moderate alcohol use | 49.88 | 52.69 | 46.87 | |||
| High alcohol use | 17.25 | 20.09 | 14.22 | |||
| BMI | <0.001 | |||||
| <25 | 29.81 | 26.95 | 32.85 | |||
| [25, 30) | 33.15 | 38.96 | 26.96 | |||
| ≥30 | 37.04 | 34.09 | 40.19 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.242 | |||||
| No | 80.73 | 80.07 | 81.43 | |||
| Yes | 19.27 | 19.93 | 18.57 | |||
| FG (mmol.L) | 5.93 | 6.09 | 5.75 | <0.001 | ||
| Insulin (pmol.L) | 81.05 | 85.03 | 76.80 | <0.001 | ||
| TG (mg.dl) | 125.90 ± 1.61 | 136.00 ± 2.27 | 115.14 ± 2.12 | <0.001 | ||
| TC (mg.dl) | 191.33 ± 0.59 | 188.53 ± 0.59 | 194.32 ± 0.73 | <0.001 | ||
| HDL-c (mg.dl) | 53.26 ± 0.28 | 48.41 ± 0.31 | 58.43 ± 0.40 | <0.001 | ||
| LDL-c (mg.dl) | 113.50 ± 0.47 | 113.73 ± 0.63 | 113.26 ± 0.62 | 0.574 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.52 ± 0.25 | 122.26 ± 0.29 | 118.64 ± 0.36 | <0.001 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.12 ± 0.22 | 71.79 ± 0.25 | 68.32 ± 0.29 | <0.001 | ||
Mean ± SE for continuous variables: P-value was calculated by weighted linear regression model. % for categorical variables: P-value was calculated by weighted chi-square test. BMI, body mass index; FG, fast glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.